Six years ago, a Miami woman walking through the hall of an office building casually noticed two men standing together. Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working in the building. Police investigators determined that the woman was the only witness who had seen the two suspects, and could possibly describe them. In an interview with police, her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear. Several days later, psychologist Ronald P. Fisher was brought in to obtain a more complete account from the woman. Fisher's interview produced a breakthrough (突破)—the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects. She then recalled several details about his appearances. This information gave police important leads that enabled them to arrest the suspects and close the case. Police investigators sought the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive (认知的) interview, a kind of memory-rebuilding process. In its original form, the cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events, reporting everything that comes to mind about those events no matter how broken or unconnected, retelling events in a variety of time orders, beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward, and adopting different perspectives while recalling events. Usually, an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions. The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions. The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different perspectives. Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same.

单选题 What is the purpose of this passage?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：主旨大意题。全文的关键词the cognitive interview(the interview)虽然并未在文章一开头就出现，但在以后的段落中反复出现，因此选项D能概括本文主题。选项A是第1段涉及的内容，只是本文的引子；选项B是第2段所涉及的内容；选项C是作者为了介绍cognitive interview而使用的例子，并非全文的目的。

单选题 The cognitive interview helped the woman to recall more by _____.

单选题 It can be inferred from the passage that in a cognitive interview, the interviewer mainly plays a _____role.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：推理判断题。从第3段第1句提到的conducting和第2句中的guiding两个词看来，可知认知访谈中访问者主要是引导受访者，也就是选项A。倒数第2段第1句rather than后的分句已说明受访者不只是回答问题，所以可以推断选项B错误。文中虽有提及受访者要play an active role，但并不等于说访问者是被动或次要角色，故选项C和D不对。