【正确答案】正确答案：The distinction between linguistic competence and linguistic performance is proposed by Chomsky. Linguistic competence refers to a language user"s underlying knowledge about the system of rules, while linguistic performance is the actual use of language in concrete situations.(4 points) According to Chomsky, competence refers to the underlying competence as a system of generative processes and linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener, in a completely homogeneous speech-community who knows its language perfectly. In other words, this distinction is between what people know and what they really do.(2 points) A speaker"s competence is stable but his performance is often influenced by psychological and other social factors. The factors may vary among individual language users, but most of them may be classified into ethnic background, socioeconomic status, regions of the country and other physical state changes within the individual.(2 points) For example, foreign language learners may have a good knowledge of English but may still make mistakes in the real use of language. The use of the pronouns may always cause trouble for English learners. Other examples may include the use of articles, tense and the plural forms of nouns.(2 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查语言能力和语言运用的区别。乔姆斯基在《句法理论的若干问题》中讨论过它们的区别。语言使用者对于语言规则系统的潜在意识成为其语言能力，而语言运用指在具体场景中语言的实际运用。乔姆斯基认为潜在的语言能力是一个具备生成机制的系统，他认为语言学理论涉及的主要是在一个完全同一的言语社会中理想的说话人一听话人，他们完全掌握了这个社会的语言。人的语言能力是固定的，但是人的语言运用受到社会文化背景等各种因素的影响。