单选题 Prolonged and excessive use of alcohol can seriously undermine an individual's health. Physical deterioration occurs. Large quantities of alcohol can directly damage body tissue and indirectly cause malnutrition. Nutritional deficiencies can result for several reasons. Alcohol contains empty calories, which have no significant nutritive value. When consumed in substantial amounts, alcohol curbs one' s appetite for more wholesome foods. Excessive alcohol intake can interfere with the proper digestion and absorption of food. Therefore, even the heavy drinker who does eat a well-balanced diet is deprived of me essential nutrients. Maintenance of a drinking habit can deplete economic resources otherwise available for buying good, wholesome food. Malnutrition itself further reduces the body' s ability to utilize the nutrients consumed. The result of damaged tissue and malnutrition can be brain injury, heart disease, diabetes, or cancer of the liver, and weakened muscle tissue. Untreated alcoholism can reduce one's life span by ten to twelve years.
Heavy alcohol consumption also affects the body's usage of other drugs and medications. The dosages required by excessive drinkers may differ from those required by normal or non-drinkers. Serious consequences can be incurred unless the prescribing physician is aware of the patient's drinking habits.
Sudden death may result from excessive drinking. It might occur when the individual has ingested such a large amount of alcohol that the brain center controlling breathing and heart action is adversely affected, or when taking some other drugs, particularly sleep preparations along with alcohol. Death, as a result of excessive drinking, can come during an automobile accident since half of all fatal traffic accidents involve the use of alcohol. Many self-inflicted deaths, as well as homicides, involve the use of alcohol.
It is important to remember that alcohol is a drug that is potentially addictive. Once the user is hooked on alcohol, withdrawal symptoms occur when it is not sufficiently available to body cells. At the onset of developing alcohol addiction, these symptoms may be relatively mild and include hand tremors, anxiety, nausea, and sweating. As dependency increases, so does the severity of the withdrawal syndrome and the need for medical assistance to cope with it.
In 1956 the American Medical Association supported the growing acceptance of alcoholism as an illness, falling under the treatment jurisdiction of the medical profession. Since then, the medical resources for problems of acute and chronic intoxication have increased and improved.

单选题 To develop his point, the author has used______.
A. sensory words B. convincing arguments
C. scientific facts D. figures of speech

单选题 Which of the following statements is false?
A. Heavy drinkers are in poverty.
B. Heavy drinkers are likely to die suddenly.
C. Physicians should know about seine of their patients' habits.
D. Heavy drinkers usually live shorter than ordinary people.

单选题 Heavy alcohol consumption leads to______.
A. depriving people of their appetite
B. disturbing people's digestion systems
C. lacking of money to buy wholesome food sometimes
D. making people thinner and thinner

单选题 What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Alcoholism can be treated as other illnesses.
B. Intoxication is prohibited by law.
C. Excessive drinking results in criminal behavior.
D. People are fully aware of the serious consequences of heavy alcohol consumption.

单选题 Physical dependence on alcohol results from______.
A. drinking it excessively over long time
B. using it quantitatively for medical care for a long period
C. consuming it exclusively on social occasions
D. applying it carelessly to unpleasant symptoms