考题中的 problematic 的体现是 It first addressed emissions irregularities with its 482,000 diesel vehicles sold in the U.S.。答题时需要理解存在 emissions irregularities (排放违规情况）就是汽车的问题。只要对irregularities这个词有基本语感即可正 确答题。该词是形容词irregular (不规则，不合规则）的名词变化形式irregularity 的复数形式，此处的复数具有具体化的“ 事例” “事件” “情况” 等意义，在此处 即指汽车排放不合规定的情况。选项B 错，原因是录音说的five million是指全球配备 EA 189型发动机的汽车数量而非美国售出的问题汽车数量。选项C 错，因为所给的数字是这一款发动机型号的编号。选项D 错是因为1100万指的是牵涉这一型 号发动机的大众汽车在全球的数量。

[重点难点]
记住数字及其对应内容。

[录音原文]
Passage Two
The Volkswagen scandal has shaken the autom otive world. It first addressed em issions irregularities with its 482,000 diesel vehicles sold in the U.S.. It later said there was a noticeable deviation between test results and real-world emissions for 5 million vehicles equipped with Type EA 189 engines worldwide. Then it admitted to the scandal in all 11 million diesel engine vehicles sold globally.
All these diesel engines had a TDI switch, the device that was used to evade emissions standards in the U.S.. The switch software allows the car to act one way when it detects the U.S. EPA emission test is underway, and another when driving normally on the road. Volkswagen confessed that since 2009, it has altered its illegal software for four engine types.
The scandal disclosure all started with a man named Peter Mock. Mock is European managing director of a little-known clean-air group named ICCT. He noted that the U.S. EPA emission test is stricter and more stringent than the EU one. He contacted his counterpart in the U.S., John German, to conduct diesel testing in the U.S., in the hope of influencing European diesel engine adoption with the result.
In May 2014, German and Mock worked at West Virginia University to test three diesel models sold in the U.S. market, the Volkswagen Passat, the Volkswagen Jetta and the BMW X5. In the laboratories, all three passed their emission tests with flying colors. Out on the road, only the BMW passed the real-world em ission test while Nitrogen Oxide particles emitted by the two other Volkswagens were significantly higher.
The car industry felt the fallout of the Volkswagen scandal. In November 2015, Volkswagen sales .dropped by 20 percent. Other brands owned by the German carmaker were affected, with Seat down 24 percent, Skoda dropping by 11 percent and Audi declining by 4 percent. Some other carm akers also saw sales fall compared with the previous year, with Citroen down 29 percent, Fiat declining by 21 percent and Nissan dropping by 18 percent.

选项A 错，因为录音在说到TDI时说的仅仅是柴油发动机diesel engine，而不是全部的大众发动机。选项B 错，因为录音明确说到了其用途是evade emissions standards in the U.S.，而不是降低发动机排放。选项C 正确，其与录音中所说的The switch software allows the car to...一致。选项 D 错，因为录音说的是 since 2009, it has altered its illegal software for four engine types，即改变（放弃）的是四款发动机的非 法软件而不是TDI开关本身。

[重点难点]
抓住表达细节的词语的差异，此处即engine和 diesel engine， TDI switch 和 software的区别。

选项A 错，因为录音原话只说He noted that the U.S. EPA emissibn test is stricter and more stringent than the EU one，言外之意即他已经证实了这一点而不是想 要证实这一点。选项B 错在颠倒了比较的结果，即他发现的是相反的事实。选项C 为正确答案，只是问题中的intend to …在录音中表现为in the hope of...。选项D 错，因为录音表明他想要影响的是欧洲的发动机采用的标准（ in the hope of influencing European diesel engine adoption), 而不是美国政府。

[重点难点]
抓住关键词intend to , 理解与其语义功能相同的不同表达方式。

选 项 A 错，因为录音中说明三款柴油发动机通过实验室测试时用的状语是 with flying colors，即非常成功、出色，而不是几乎没有。选项B 为正确答案，即非常出色地通过了实验室测试。选项C 错在混淆了实验室测试与路上行驶测试的不同 结果，录音说的是只有BMW通过了实际路上排放测试（ only the BMW passed the real-world emission test )。选项D 错，因为录音说的是另外两款发动机只通过了实验室测试而在实际行驶测试中排放氮氧化物颗粒明显过高（ Nitrogen Oxide particles emitted by the two other Volkswagens were significantly higher) 。 

[重点难点]
理解、区分关键名词属类等细节。

此题有明显的难度，主要是因为解题必须连续记住几项数字及其对应项目并 对其进行比较。与该题有关的录音内容是“ In November 2015, Volkswagen sales dropped by 20 percent. Other brands owned by the German carmaker were affected, with Seat down 24 percent， Skoda dropping by 11 percent and Audi declining by 4 percent”。 其中销售量下降比例最大的是Seat (西亚特）汽车的24% 。录音后面虽然也说到更 多汽车的销量下降比，其中 还 有 29%的数字，但这并不是问题所问的German carmaker的品牌，而是other carmakers受影响而出现的销售量下降数据。

[重点难点]
记住数字并理解、区分关键名词属类等细节。