问答题 Such non adaptive change evolution may be quite rare. But geologic time is so vast, as Darwin himself pointed out, that species pass through countless generations over millions of years. Therefore even the rare event may become probable, given enough time. This reasoning has led some evolutionary biologists to think that many of the evolutionary changes we see resulted from nonadaptive changes controlled by genetic drift rather than by natural selection. Many species, for example, originate the small populations. Sometimes just a few individuals that migrate to an island, thus becoming isolated from the parent species, develop into a new species.无
【正确答案】这种非适应性的改变进化可能非常罕见。但是地质时代跨度非常大,就连达尔文本人都指出物种会在几百万年间经历无数代。因而只要有足够的时间,罕见的事情也有可能会发生。这个猜想让一些进化生物学家们开始思考:我们看到的进化改变是由基因漂移控制的非适应性变化导致的,而不是自然选择的结果。例如,许多物种刚开的时候数量非常少。有时,一个物种的几个个体会迁移到一座岛上,远离自己的母体物种,然后进化成新的物种。
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