阅读理解 It being not only possible but even easy to predict which ten-year-old boys are at greatest risk of growing up to be persistent offenders, what are we doing with the information? Just about the last thing that we should do is to wait until their troubles have escalated (逐步升级)in adolescence and then attack them with the provisions of the new Criminal Justice Bill. If this bill becomes law, magistrates will have the power to impose residential care orders. More young people will be drawn into institutional life when all the evidence, shows that this worsens rather than improves their prospects. The introduction of short sharp shocks in detention (拘留) centers will simply give more young people a taste of something else they don''t need; the whole regime of'' detention centers is one of toughening delinquents, and if you want to train someone to be anti-establishment, "I can''t think of a better way to do it," says the writer of this report. The Cambridge Institute of Criminology comes up with five key factors that are likely to make for delinquency (不良行为): a low-income family, a large family, parents deemed by social workers to be bad at raising children, parents who themselves have a criminal record, and low intelligence in the child. Not surprisingly, the factors tend to overlap. Of the 63 boys in the sample who had at least three of them when they were ten, half become juvenile delinquents compared with only a fifth of the sample as a whole. Three more factors make the prediction more accurate: being judged troublesome by teachers at the age of ten, having a father with at least two criminal convictions and having another member of the family with a criminal record. Of the 35 men who had at least two of these factors in their background 18 became persistent delinquents and 8 more were in trouble with the law. Among those key factors, far and away the most important was having a parent with a criminal record, even if that had been acquired in the distant past, even though very few parents did other than condemn delinquent behavior in their children. The role of the schools emerges as extremely important. The most reliable prediction of all on the futures of boys came from teachers'' ratings of how troublesome they were at the age of ten. If the information is there in the classroom there must be a response that brings more attention to those troublesome children: a search for things to give them credit for other than academic achievement, a refusal to allow them to go on playing truant, and a fostering of ambition and opportunity which should start early in their school careers.

单选题 According to the passage, delinquency should be tackled______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】事实细节题。问题：根据文章，青少年不良行为应该在何时被处理?对这个问题的解答需要通读全文才能完成。短文在开始部分提出了现在在处理青少年行为不良中存在着只能被动地等待问题出现的现象，接着在中间部分分析了容易出现不良行为的青少年的社会和家庭背景，在文章的结束，作者提出了要在儿童时期就加强教育的解决办法，即为选项[A]的描述。[B)为“在社会机构教养期间”[C]为“成年之后”[D]为“等问题变得严重之后”，均错误。

单选题 The number of young offenders could be reduced by the way of______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】推理判断题。问题：少年犯的人数可以通过哪种方法得以减少?短文在第三段中给出了five key factors that are likely to make for delinquency 导致不良行为的五个关键因素，接着在第四段中进一步阐述了使预言更为准确的三个因素，这些都是从少年犯的家庭和社会背景进行分析的，选项[D]的描述与此一致。选项[A]、[B]、[C]的内容在短文第二段中都出现了。但是阅读上下文可知，作者对legal measures“法律措施”， residential care“居住处监管”和 harsh punishment“严厉的惩罚”都不赞成。

单选题 What is the outcome result of putting young offenders into detention centers?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】事实细节题。问题：将少年犯关人拘留中心将产生什么后果?在短文第二段中，the whole，re time of detention centers is... says the writer of this report．拘留中心将使少年犯们更为倔强，如果你想让某人反对社会的话，“我实在想不出比关在拘留中心更好的办法”，报告的作者说。由此可见，选项[D]中的“against society“和原文中的“anti-establishment”意思相近，符合原文。选项[B]、[C]与原文显然无关，选项[A]有一定道理，但不如[D]确切。