单选题
Dr Thomas Starzl, like all the pioneers of organ
transplantation, had to learn to live with failure. When he performed the
world's first liver transplant 25 years ago, the patient, a three-year-old boy,
died on the operating table. The next four patients didn't live long enough to
get out of the hospital. But more determined than discouraged, Starzl and his
colleagues went back to their lab at the University of Colorado Medical School.
They devised techniques to reduce the heavy bleeding during surgery, and they
worked on better ways to prevent the recipient's immune system from rejecting
the organ — an ever-present risk. But the triumphs of the
transplant surgeons have created yet another tragic problem: a severe shortage
of donor organs. "As the results get better, more people go on the waiting lists
and there's wider disparity between supply and need," says one doctor. The
American Council on Transplantation estimated that on any given day 15000
Americans are waiting for organs. There is no shortage of actual organs; each
year about 5000 healthy people die unexpectedly in the United States, usually in
accidents. The problem is that fewer than 20 percent become donors.
This trend persists despite laws designed to encourage organ recycling.
Under the federal Uniform Anatomical Gift Act, a person can authorize the use of
his organs after death by signing a statement. Legally, the next of kin can veto
these posthumous gifts, but surveys indicate that 70 to 80 percent of the public
would not interfere with a family member's decision. The biggest
roadblock,according to some experts,is that physicians don't ask for donations,
either because they fear offending grieving survivors or because they still
regard some transplant procedures as experimental. When there
aren't enough organs to go around, distributing the available ones becomes a
matter of deciding who will live and who will die. Once donors and potential
recipients have been matched for body size and blood type,the sickest patients
customarily go to the top of the local waiting list. Beyond the seriousness of
the patients' condition,doctors base their choice on such criteria as the length
of time the patient has been waiting, how long it will take to obtain an organ
and whether the transplant team can gear up in time.
单选题
Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. All the patients whom Dr Starzl operated on died on the operating
table.
B. To Dr Starzl it was very discouraging that his first liver transplant
failed.
C. Many doctors had performed organ transplant before Dr Starzl.
D. Dr Starzl didn't give up even though he had failed in his
attempts.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】细节题。本题为细节比对题。[A]项与第一段第三句话不符；[B]项与该段第四句话中的more determined than discouraged不符；[C]项与该段第二句中的the World's firs liver transplant不符；只有[D]项与该段第一句及第四句表达的意思一致。
单选题
One factor causing death on organ transplantation is______.
A. heavy bleeding during surgery
B. destruction of patients' immune system
C. objection from patients to taking organs of others