问答题
People today all over the world are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. (46) Pollution is caused by either the release by man of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea. (47)The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmentalbalance, or the ecological balance as it is also known. (48) Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations. (49)Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. (50)Pollution and waste combine to be a problem every one can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.
【答案解析】[解析] 本句是一个简单句,主干为pollution is caused,其中by引导的是cause的并列状语,即by either the release...,or by releasing...作状语修饰cause。具体来说,介词短语by man of completely new and often artificial substances作定语修饰release;greatly increased amounts of作定语修饰a natural substance;from tankers和into the sea作定语修饰oil。注意:本句的突破口在于看出两个由either...or...连接的并列状语。 [词汇] pollution(污染)natural substance(自然物质)oil tanker(油轮)
【答案解析】[解析] 本句是一个复合句,主干为the whole industrial process...is bound to create a number of waste products。其中which makes many of the goods and machines为定语从句修饰process;(that)we need and use in our daily lives为定语从句修饰goods and machines(省略了引导词that);which upset the environmental balance,or the ecological balance as it is also know为waste products的定语从句。 [词汇]industrial process(工业生产过程)be bound to(一定、注定)waste products(废弃物)ecological balance(生态平衡)
可接受的翻译
不可接受的翻译
be bound to:一定,注定
be bound to:被束缚在
upset:破坏,打破
upset:使心烦意乱
the ecological balance as it is also known:又可称为生态平衡,也被叫做生态均衡
the ecological balance as it is also known:就像它被所知的那样的生态平衡
【答案解析】[解析] 本句是一个复合句,主干为many of these waste products can be prevented...,but...there will be new,dangerous,wastes to be disposed of...。其中在but引导的转折句中,clearly后面的while引导的是时间状语从句:while more and more new goods are produced and made comlplex;there will be...to be disposed of是but引导的转折句里面的主句部分;for example介词短语做插入语,后跟具体例子:the waste products from nuclear power stations. 注意:阅读时要先抓主干,再理枝叶,层层分析,直到完全理解。 [词汇]waste products(废弃物)sensibly(明智的,聪明的)
可接受的翻译
不可接受的翻译
nuclear power stations:核电站
nuclear power stations:核能量站
sensibly:明智的,聪明的
sensibly:敏感的
but clearly while more and more new goods areproduced and made complex...:可是很明显,随着越来越多的新产品被生产出来
but clearly while more and more new goodsare produced and made complex...:可是很明显,尽管越来越多的新产品被生产出来
【答案解析】[解析] 本句是一个复合句,主干为Pollution and waste combine to be a problem。其中,(that)every one can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying,excess consumption and careless disposal of the products为定语从句修饰problem,此从句省略了关系代词that;by cutting out...为此从句的状语,修饰help;of the products作定语修饰cutting out的三个宾语unnecessary buying。excess consumption and careless disposal。(that)we use in our daily lives为定语从句修饰products,此从句也省略了关系代词that。注意:这些从句虽然省略了关系代词,不好辨别,但是找出主干后,就会简单的多。 [词汇]cut out(切断,中断)excess consumption(过度消费)careless disposal(随意乱扔)
可接受的翻译
不可接受的翻译
Pollution and waste:污染和浪费
Pollution and waste:污染和废物
upset:破坏,打破
upset:使心烦意乱,使沮丧
by cutting out unnecessary buying,excess consumption and careless disposal of the products:通过少买不必要的东西,减少日常生活中的过度消费和随意乱扔物品
by cutting out unnecessary buying,excessconsumption and careless disposal of theproducts:通过切断不必要的购买,过度的消费和粗心处置物品