问答题 People today all over the world are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. (46) Pollution is caused by either the release by man of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.
(47)The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance, or the ecological balance as it is also known. (48) Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations.
(49)Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. (50)Pollution and waste combine to be a problem every one can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.

【正确答案】[译文] 污染是由于人们把全新的,通常是人造物品扔进周围环境之中,或大量排放越来越多的天然物质而造成的,像油轮里的油流进海洋里造成的污染就属于后者。
【答案解析】[解析] 本句是一个简单句,主干为pollution is caused,其中by引导的是cause的并列状语,即by either the release...,or by releasing...作状语修饰cause。具体来说,介词短语by man of completely new and often artificial substances作定语修饰release;greatly increased amounts of作定语修饰a natural substance;from tankers和into the sea作定语修饰oil。注意:本句的突破口在于看出两个由either...or...连接的并列状语。
[词汇] pollution(污染)natural substance(自然物质)oil tanker(油轮)
可接受的翻译 不可接受的翻译
natural substance:自然物质,天然物质 natura1 substance:正常的物体,自然的物体
oil tanker:油轮,油船 tanker油坦克
pollution is caused by:污染是由……造成的/引起的 pollution is caused by:污染被造成是通过……
翻译实例:
例1:污染是由于人们把全新的,通常是人造物品扔进周围环境之中,或大量排放越来越多的天然物质而造成的,像油轮里的油流进海洋里造成的污染就属于后者。
例2:污染要么是人类把全新的、通常是人造的物质扔进环境而造成的,要么是排放大量的天然物质而造成的,比如说油轮里的油排到海里造成污染。
例3:污染被造成,通过释放全新的,往往是人造的物质到环境中,或者通过释放越来越多的自然物质比如油轮里的油排到海里。
【正确答案】[译文] 制造人们日常生活中需要和使用的许多货物和机器的整个工业生产工程一定会产生一些废弃物,这些东西破坏环境平衡,又可称为生态平衡。
【答案解析】[解析] 本句是一个复合句,主干为the whole industrial process...is bound to create a number of waste products。其中which makes many of the goods and machines为定语从句修饰process;(that)we need and use in our daily lives为定语从句修饰goods and machines(省略了引导词that);which upset the environmental balance,or the ecological balance as it is also know为waste products的定语从句。
[词汇]industrial process(工业生产过程)be bound to(一定、注定)waste products(废弃物)ecological balance(生态平衡)
可接受的翻译 不可接受的翻译
be bound to:一定,注定 be bound to:被束缚在
upset:破坏,打破 upset:使心烦意乱
the ecological balance as it is also known:又可称为生态平衡,也被叫做生态均衡 the ecological balance as it is also known:就像它被所知的那样的生态平衡
翻译实例:
例1:制造人们日常生活中需要和使用的许多货物和机器的整个工业生产工程一定会产生一些废弃物,这些东西破坏环境平衡,又可称为生态平衡。
例2:制造许多我们日常生活中需要和使用的物品和机器的整个生产过程,一定会制造大量的废物。这些废物会破坏环境平衡,也叫做生态平衡。
例3:整个工业过程制作许多商品和机器我们需要和使用在日常生活中,注定制造许多废品,打扰环境平衡,或被熟知的生态平衡。
【正确答案】[译文]许多这样的废弃物是可以避免或妥善处理的。可是很显然,随着越来越多的新产品被生产出来,而且越加复杂,所以会有新的危险废弃物被处理,例如核电站的废物处理。
【答案解析】[解析] 本句是一个复合句,主干为many of these waste products can be prevented...,but...there will be new,dangerous,wastes to be disposed of...。其中在but引导的转折句中,clearly后面的while引导的是时间状语从句:while more and more new goods are produced and made comlplex;there will be...to be disposed of是but引导的转折句里面的主句部分;for example介词短语做插入语,后跟具体例子:the waste products from nuclear power stations.
注意:阅读时要先抓主干,再理枝叶,层层分析,直到完全理解。
[词汇]waste products(废弃物)sensibly(明智的,聪明的)
可接受的翻译 不可接受的翻译
nuclear power stations:核电站 nuclear power stations:核能量站
sensibly:明智的,聪明的 sensibly:敏感的
but clearly while more and more new goods areproduced and made complex...:可是很明显,随着越来越多的新产品被生产出来 but clearly while more and more new goodsare produced and made complex...:可是很明显,尽管越来越多的新产品被生产出来
翻译实例:
例1:许多这样的废弃物是可以避免或妥善处理的。可是很显然,随着越来越多的新产品被生产出来,而且越加复杂,所以会有新的危险废弃物被处理,例如核电站的废物处理。
例2:许多这样的废弃物是可以避免或妥善处理的。可是很显然,由于越来越多的新产品被生产出来被制作的复杂,所以会有新的危险废弃物被处理,例如核能量站的废物处理。
例3:很多这样的废物产品可以被阻止和被敏感的处理掉,可是清晰的是当很多的产品被生产出来和被做的复杂,就会有新的,危险的废物产品被处理掉,例如核能量站。
【正确答案】[译文] 不管引起污染的根本原因是什么,只要公司,个人和政府都能做出更大的努力,毫无疑问大多数污染都能得到控制。
【答案解析】[解析] 本句是一个复合句,主干为there is no doubt that...。其中Whatever its underlying reasons是让步状语;if only引导的虚拟语气,翻译为“只要,或要是……就好了”。
[词汇]underlying reasons(根本原因)
可接受的翻译 不可接受的翻译
underlying reasons:根本原因 underlying reasons:底层原因
Whatever its underlying reasons:不管引起污染的根本原因是什么 Whatever its underlying reasons:不管它的底层原因什么
翻译实例:
例1:不管引起污染的根本原因是什么,只要公司,个人和政府都能做出更大的努力,毫无疑问大多数污染都能得到控制。
例2:不管引起它的底层原因是什么,只要公司,个人和政府都能做出更大的努力,毫无疑问大多数污染都能得到控制。
例3:不管它的底层原因是什么,不用怀疑大多数污染引起的都能得到控制,只要公司,个人和政府都能做出更大的努力。
【正确答案】[译文] 我们每个人都可以通过少买不必要的东西,减少日常生活中的过度消费和随意乱扔物品,进而解决污染和浪费的问题。
【答案解析】[解析] 本句是一个复合句,主干为Pollution and waste combine to be a problem。其中,(that)every one can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying,excess consumption and careless disposal of the products为定语从句修饰problem,此从句省略了关系代词that;by cutting out...为此从句的状语,修饰help;of the products作定语修饰cutting out的三个宾语unnecessary buying。excess consumption and careless disposal。(that)we use in our daily lives为定语从句修饰products,此从句也省略了关系代词that。注意:这些从句虽然省略了关系代词,不好辨别,但是找出主干后,就会简单的多。
[词汇]cut out(切断,中断)excess consumption(过度消费)careless disposal(随意乱扔)
可接受的翻译 不可接受的翻译
Pollution and waste:污染和浪费 Pollution and waste:污染和废物
upset:破坏,打破 upset:使心烦意乱,使沮丧
by cutting out unnecessary buying,excess consumption and careless disposal of the products:通过少买不必要的东西,减少日常生活中的过度消费和随意乱扔物品 by cutting out unnecessary buying,excessconsumption and careless disposal of theproducts:通过切断不必要的购买,过度的消费和粗心处置物品
翻译实例:
例1:我们每个人都可以通过少买不必要的东西,减少日常生活中的过度消费和随意乱扔物品,进而解决污染和浪费的问题。
例2:我们每个人都可以通过减少不必要的购买,减少过度消费和我们日常生活中用到的物品的随意乱扔,进而解决污染和浪费的问题。
例3:污染和浪费,结合成一个问题,每一个人都能帮忙解决。通过减少不必要的购买,减少过度 消费和我们日常生活中用到的物品的随意乱扔。