What is the coldest air temperature
ever recorded on the earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest
recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃, which {{U}} {{U}} 1
{{/U}} {{/U}}in Antarctica in 1983. We encounter an
interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in {{U}} {{U}}
2 {{/U}} {{/U}}temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about 20℃
to 120℃. The temperature depends upon {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}}
{{/U}}you are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our
body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well-designed space {{U}}
{{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}that protect astronauts from these temperature
extremes. The space temperatures just discussed affect only our
areal of the solar {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Obviously, it is
hotter closer to the sun and colder as we travel away from the sun. Astronomers
estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated
temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your {{U}}
{{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}. We are taught it is supposedly {{U}}
{{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}to have a temperature below absolute zero,
which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are
Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely
{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}absolute zero. They won the Nobel
Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work—not a discovery, in this case.
Why is the two scientists' work so important to science?
In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting {{U}}
{{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}about special light particles we now call
photons. Bose had trouble {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}other
scientists to believe his theory, {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}he
contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein's calculations helped him theorize that
atoms {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}behave as Bose thought—but
only at very cold temperatures. Scientists have also discovered
that {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}atoms can help them make the
world's atomic docks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they
would only lose one second {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}six
million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is
velocity times time (d=v×t). With the long distances involved in space {{U}}
{{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}, we need to know time as accurately as
possible to get accurate distance.
【答案解析】[解析] 上文说-120℃是宇航员无法忍受的温度，下文说美国国家航空和航天管理局生产出某种装置以“protect astronauts from these temperature extremes”(保护宇航员不受极端温度的侵害)。很明显，这一装置就是“space suits”。故本题选D。