单选题 Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You"re supposed to remember something, but you haven"t encoded it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don"t pay attention to what you did because you"re involved in a conversation, you"ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn"t failing you," says Schacter. "Rather, you didn"t give your memory system the information it needed."
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don"t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you"re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you"ll likely remember.

单选题 Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?

单选题 One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ______.

单选题 A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 例证题。
根据题干信号词“a note, serve as a reminder”可回文定位到第四段尾句“...don"t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep it in pocket.”(千万别把药瓶放在药柜里，然后再写一张纸条放在衣兜里)。由于例证题的解体思路一般是在上文中搜索例子所需要证明的信息，第四段首句“Visual cues can.... but be sure the cue is clear and available”(视觉提示可以帮助避免心不在焉，但是要保证是清楚的且能看到的提示)是例子证明的论点，故此处为题眼。

单选题 What do we learn from the last paragraph?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。
根据出处提示“the last paragraph”可回文定位到尾段首句和第二句“Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room.... Most likely，you were thinking about something else.”(另一种常见的心不在焉的现象是：进了房间却忘了想干什么。极有可能你正在想别的事情)。此处为题眼。