Many doctors know the story of ‘Mr Wright’. In 1957 he was diagnosed with cancer, and given only days to live. He heard tumors the size of oranges. He heard that scientists had discovered a new medication, Kerbionzen, which was effective against cancer, and he begged his doctor to give him the drug. His physician, Dr Philip West, finally agreed. Mr Wright was given an injection on a Friday afternoon, the astonished doctor found his patients out of his ‘death bed’, joking with the nurses the following Monday. ‘The tumurs,’ the doctor wrote later, ‘had melted like snow balls on a hot stove.’ Actually, Mr Wright had not been given a drug, just a mix of salt and water.
This story has been ignored by doctors for a long time, dismissed as one of those strange tales that medicine cannot explain. The idea that what a patient believes can make a fatal disease go away is regarded as just too strange However, no scientists are discovering that placebo effect is more powerful than anyone had ever thought. They are also beginning to discover how such miraculous results are achieved. 【B1】 Through new techniques in brain imagery, it has been shown that a thought, a belief or a desire can cause chemical processes in the brain which can have powerful effects on the body.
Placebos are ‘lies that heal’, said Dr Anne Harrington, a science historian at Havard University. ‘The word placebo is Laitin for “I shall please” or “I shall make you happy” and it is typically a treatment that a doctor gives to anxious patients to please them,’ she said. ‘It looks like medication, but has no healing ingredients whatever.’ Nowadays, doctors have much more effective medicines to fight disease, but these treatments have not diminished the power of the placebo – quite the opposite. 【B2】Maybe when scientists fully understand how they work, the powerful healing effects of the human mind will be used more systematically.
Questions 41-43:Read the passage, and then say whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
Questions 44-45: Translate the underlined sentences 【B1】 and 【B2】.
Wr Wright was given a new cancer medication which contained healing ingredients.
由第一段的最后一句话可知：医生给他的根本就不是药，而是盐水，所以本题中“含有多种治疗配 方” 的说法是错误的。
After Dr Philip West gave Mr Wright the injection, Mr Wright got better.
由第一段的倒数第三句可知，医生惊讶地发现他的病人下床与护士逗乐，所以本题中“病人好转”的信 息是正确的。
Scientists are discovering that placebos don't have any effect at all.
由第二段“However，now scientists are discovering that placebo effect is more powerful than anyone had ever thought.”可知，人们发现安慰剂的作用比之前人们认为的还要强大，所以本题中“它根本不起任 何作用”的说法是错误的。
【B1】
大脑影像的新技术表明，人的想法、信仰或者欲望可以引起大脑内部的化学变化，此变化可以对人体有强大的影响。
brain imagery大脑影像。
【B2】
或许当科学家们真正理解了它们(安慰剂)是如 何起作用的，人类思想的强大的治疗功效才会被更加系统地运用。
fully understand真正了解，完全了解。