【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[听力原文] 36-40 Sleep laboratories around the world are finding that an alarming number of drivers on motorways may be falling asleep at the wheel. Although researchers have difficulty in knowing for certain whether an accident has been caused by sleepiness, it appears that a driver who is on the road between 4 a. m. and 6 a. m. is about 10 times as likely to have a sleep-related accident as someone who is driving in the middle of the morning or early in the evening. Some British police forces have become sufficiently concerned to launch campaigns to alert the public to the danger. Major motor manufacturers such as Ford and Renault are investigating ways of incorporating sleepiness detectors and alarms into their vehicles. However, British government bodies responsible for road safety have not initiated any studies into the problem of sleepy drivers on motorways. The Department of Transport claims that it is "aware of the problems", but does not regard it as a high-priority issue and is not planning to support any relevant research apart from a general study on "driver behaviour". Unfortunately, the issue is clouded by the fact that many motorways accidents that might be caused by sleepiness are categorized under other headings, such as "inattention", "failed to look or see other vehicle" and "misjudged speed/distance". Figures collected in the 1970s by the Transport and Road Research Laboratory list the cause of 20 percent of all road accidents as "perceptual errors". "Fatigue" was specified in only 2 percent of cases. However, few investigators inquire further to discover just why a driver was not attending, failed to look or made errors in perception. For various reasons, including the fear of prosecution and possible difficulties with insurance claims, drivers are reluctant to admit to falling asleep, but are more willing to admit to "inattention". When these rather vague responses are examined thoroughly, sleepiness often emerges as the true culprit. Driving on a road as dull as on a motorway makes worse sleepiness in a driver who is already sleepy. But how can we tell if an accident on a motorway has been caused by sleepiness? There are some strong pointers. If an accident involves only one vehicle, which runs off the road into the central crash barrier, a tree or a bridge, then sleepiness is likely to be the cause, especially if there are no skid marks or other signs of braking. A driver who is alert to impending crash grips the steering wheel and suffers different injuries from someone who is asleep and holding the steering wheel loosely. This pattern of injury, combined with an absence of skid marks on the road, also suggests that the driver was asleep in accidents where one vehicle runs into the back of another, especially if it occurs where traffic is light and vehicles are consequently well-spaced on the road. [分析] 比较结构的找寻和判断。 根据题干中关键词asleep-related accident 定位到原文相关信息a driver who is on the road between 4 a.m. and 6 a. m. is about 10 times as likely to have a sleep-related accident as someone who is driving in the middle of the morning or early in the evening 即清晨4至6点开车上路的人发生与睡眠有关的车祸的可能性是那些上午或傍晚开车的人的十倍。由此可见，清晨4至6点开车发生车祸的可能性相当高。C项内容与原文意思相符，因此是正确答案。 [解题关键] 掌握倍数表达法是解题的关键。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[分析] 因果关系的判断和理解 原文提到英国政府还没有对睡眠引发车祸的问题进行任何研究，通过上下文羊系，听者可判断其后的内容The Department of Transport claims that it is“aware of the problems”， but does not regard it as a high-priority issue... 应是相关原因，即交通部承认该问题已引起注意，但并不认为它是头等重要的问题。由此可见，A项内容与原文意思相符，因此是正确答案。 [解题关键] 1)理清上下文句义间的内在逻辑关系；2)掌握同义词转换，如A项中 of great significance与原文high-priority意思相当。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[分析] 因果关系的找寻和判断。 原文认为许多道路事故原因虽因睡眠引起，但却名目繁多，如精神不集中等。交通与道路研究实验室将20％的道路事故归为“感知错误”，鲜有调查者进一步研究司机精神不集中的原因。出于各种原因，如怕被追究责任、丢饭碗或在保险赔偿时遇到麻烦，司机们不愿承认开车时睡着了，而更愿承认出事是因为精神不集中。由此可见B、C、D三项均与原文相符，只有A的内容与原文不符，因此该项为正确答案。 [解题关键] 根据上下文关系，找出句间逻辑关系，也可凭借某些表原因的短语，确定前后句的因果关系。本题中原文中For various reasons，表明了前后句的因果关系。

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[分析] 事实细节的找寻和判断。 原文提问与题干问题相同，原文提问后，讲话者以例作答，其中If an accident involves only one vehicle... 与B项内容相符；This pattern of injury，combined with an absence of skid marks on the road... 与C项内容相符；... especially if it occurs where traffic is light and vehicles are consequently well-spaced on the road 与A项内容相符，由此可见，该题的正确答案为D。 [解题关键] 掌握表示举例的信号词。如本题原文使用There are some strong pointers 来提示听者注意下面是举例的内容，即该题的答案所在。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[分析] 事实细节的找寻和判断。 关于有关政府机构对睡眠引发事故的看法，原文说have not initiated any studies into the problem of sleepy drivers on motorways 由此可见，C的说法不正确；根据原文Figures collected in the 1970s by the Transport and Road research Laboratory list the cause of 20 percent of all road accidents as “perceptual errors?”可知，有关机构将20％的道路事故归为“感知错误”，因此D的说法不正确；根据原文Unfortunately，the issue is clouded by the fact that many motorways accidents that might be caused by sleepiness are categorized under other headings，such as “inattention”可知，这些由于睡着而导致的车祸，被冠以不恰当的名目，即“注意力不集中”，B项却说“他认为很遗憾关于睡眠的报道不恰当”与原文不符，因此B的说法不正确；而根据原文Driving on a road as dull as motorway makes worse sleepiness in a driver who is already sleepy 可知，motorway是因睡眠导致车祸的重要原因，显然A项含义与原文意思相符，是正确答案。 [解题关键] 正确理解语义是解题关键。