填空题 Do you give your children money when they perform well at school?
According to a study, such an action could be 1 to their development, and cause them to be more materialistic as adults. The study suggests that those who were rewarded and spoiled as children were more likely to think possessions define who they are. "Using material possessions to express love or reward children for their 2 can have bad effect," wrote the authors of the study. "It can 3 materialism in them."
The authors surveyed 701 adults to measure the long-term 4 of material parenting. They were asked to describe their current life situation and values, and also reported on a 5 of childhood circumstances, their relationship with their parents, and the rewards and punishments they received.
Results showed adults who had received more material rewards and punishments as children were more likely than others to use possessions to define and express who they are. And they were likely to continue rewarding themselves with material 6 .
Parents should, therefore, be cautious about using material possessions to express their love and reward their children for good behavior, 7 the authors. They say 8 emphasis on material possessions during childhood can have significant effects. It can 9 "the way for their children to grow up to be more likely than others to 10 people with expensive possessions and judge success by the kinds of things people own," the authors conclude.
A. achievements
B. admire
C. blame
D. careful
E. develop
F. excessive
G. goods
H. harmful
I. impact
J. level
K. motivate
L. pave
M. responsibilities
N. variety
O. warn