阅读理解 Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大杂烩) of environmental claims made by household products, according to a "green labeling" study (47)______ by Consumers International Friday . Among the report''s more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings — a German fertilizer (48)______ itself as "earthworm friendly" a brand of flour said it was "non-polluting" and a British toilet paper claimed to be "environmentally friendlier". The study was written and researched by Britain''s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was (49)______by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission. "While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in (50)______ shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy," said Consumers International director Anna Fielder. The 10-country study (51)______ product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on (52)______ . The report focused on claims made by (53)______ products, such as detergent (洗涤剂) insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but (54)______ them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999. Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards. The ISO labeling standards (55)______ vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as "environmentally friendly" and "non-polluting" cannot be (56)______ . " What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO," said Page. Word Bank A) verified I) described B) assured J) funded C) ensuring K) surveyed D) environmental L) balance E) specific M) average F) comparing N) support G) compared O) ban H) published
【正确答案】 H
【答案解析】根据句子结构,我们发现空格词应该是动词过去分词,修饰“a study”,分词动词的逻辑主语是“Consumer International”(国际消协),其逻辑宾语是“study”(对于“绿色标签”的研究),词库中的动词,“published”最符合上下文的意思和结构。
【正确答案】 I
【答案解析】要求使用一个可以用在“……sth.as sth.”结构的动词的过去时,我们只有选择“describe”。
【正确答案】 J
【答案解析】空格项也应该是动词的过去分词,上文已经提出该研究的组织者是国际消协,那么这里应该提到赞助者,所以我们选“funded”。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】句中的空格词应该是动名词,Word Bank提供了两个:“ensuring”和“comparing”,我们知道“compare”的用法是“compare…to…”,不可以引导宾语从句;而“ensure that sth.happen”(确保某事发生)是常用的,而且也符合文意——要想确保消费者对于产品的知情权,要做的事还很多。
【正确答案】 A、K
【答案解析】空格词也应该是一个动词的过去时,我们从上下文可以判断出该项研究是针对欧洲各国的产品包装上的标示问题,所以缺失的动词应该是“调查”、“研究”之类的意思,因此我们选“surveyed”。
【正确答案】 C、M
【答案解析】本题考查的是学生是否了解“on average”这个词组。因为我们首先发现空格出现在介词后,所以空格中应该填一个名词,Word Bank提供了“balance”和“average”两个名词,而“balance”一般出现在介词“in”后,“on average”表示平均情况。
【正确答案】 E
【答案解析】空格中应该是一个形容词,作“products”的定语,根据下文,我们知道该项调查主要针对某几种特定(specific)的产品,如洗涤剂等;而不是环保(environmental)产品,所以正确的选词应该为:specific。
【正确答案】 G
【答案解析】该句是转折关系的并列句,“but”后省略了主语“it”,所以缺失的仍然是一个动词的过去时,鉴于“_____sth.to sth.”的结构,我们选择“compared”。句子的意思是:研究并不是检验那些关于环保的承诺是否应验,而是将这些标示用语和ISO有关标示的规定做对比。
【正确答案】 E、O
【答案解析】句中缺少及物动词原形,所以我们选word bank中唯一符合语法要求的“ban”,从句意上说,这个词也是合适的:ISO标准不允许在产品外包装上标示语义模糊的或是有误导性的承诺。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】句中空格应该是一个动词的过去分词,根据上下文,我们知道诸如“environmentally friendly”和“non-polluting”之类的说法语义模糊,无法核实(verify),所以ISO禁用这类语汇。所以答案是:verified。