Passage Four
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one kind of generalintelligence. Others believe there are many different kinds of intelligence.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well in onekind of test for mental ability do well in other tests. They do well in tests about using words,numbers or pictures. They do well in individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those whodo poorly in one test do the same in all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brains ofintelligent people use less energy during problem-solving. The brainwaves of people with higherintelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligenceresult from differences in the speed and efficiency of information processed by the brain.
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard Graduate School of Education,has fourchildren. He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn't think it tells much about thetalents of a person outside formal schooling. He thinks that the human mind has different kinds ofintelligence. These kinds of intelligence allow us to solve various kinds of problems we encounter inlife. Each of us has different abilities within these kinds of intelligence. Gardner believes that thepurpose of schools should be to encourage the development of all of our intelligence.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the brain isinjured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can stillsing. So, there is not just one kind of intelligence to lose.
What is the main idea of this passage?
通读全文可知，第二段点明了文章的主旨，即心理学家对智力有两种不同的理解，一些人认为只有一种一般智力，而其他人认为有许多不同种类的智力；下文对这两种理解进行了详细的阐述。由此可推知，本文主要围绕“如何理解智力”展开论述。故选C。
Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?
第二段指出心理学家对智力持有两种不同的理解，其中一种理解认为只有一种一般智力，且第三段围绕该观点进行了阐述。根据第三段第二句"These psychologists support their view withresearch that concludes that people who do well in one kind of test for mental ability do well in other tests."可知，这些心理学家的研究结论是，在一种智力测验中表现良好的人在其他测验中的表现也不错，他们以此来支持自己的观点。故选D。
Gardner believes that _________.
根据倒数第二段第二句"He believes that all children are different…"和倒数第二段第四句"He thinks that the human mind has different kinds of intelligence."可知，Gardner认为所有的孩子都是不同的，不应该用一种智力测验进行测试，而人的大脑有不同的智力。由此可推知，他认为孩子有不同的智力。故选B。
According to Gardner, schools should _________.
根据倒数第二段最后一句"Gardner believes that the purpose of schools should be toencourage the development of all of our intelligence.”可知，Gardner认为学校应该促进学生各种智力的发展。故选A。
Gardner thinks that his theory has a(n)_________.
根据最后一段第一句“Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.”可知，Gardner说自己的理论是以生物学为基础的。A项意为“音乐基础”;B项意为“人际关系基础”;C项意为“语言学基础”;D项意为"生物学基础"。故选D。