翻译题
达尔文的思想 ——2008年英译汉及详解 In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but【F1】he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.【F2】He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.【F3】On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree."【F4】He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully." Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: "Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. "【F5】Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和动词的固定搭配。 本句的主干是he believes that…。believes后的that引导的是宾语从句，这里的very是形容词词性，意为“正是，恰恰是”，这里是强调本句中的difficulty就是上文提到的那个困难。本句中用到了“have the advantage of doing”的搭配，意为“利于…”。连词and在这里连接的是forcing和enabling。后一句中in引出了errors的范畴。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和定语从句。 本句的主语是He，that引导的是宾语从句，引出了asserted的内容。从句的主体是“his power wasvery limited”，to follow引出的不定式做定语，修饰了power。long和abstract是用来修饰train of thought的，其中有一个副词purely则是修饰abstract的。for which reason引出定语从句，which代前面整个句子，定语从句中又嵌套了felt引导的宾语从句。这里出现了“succeed with sth．”的用法，等于“succeedin doing。”
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：同位语和倒装结构。 本句开头on the other hand可直译。本句主语是he，谓语是accept。本句中容易迷惑的地方是“aswell founded”，其实，本句中这部分被提前了，正常的语序应该是“he did not accept the charge as wellfounded”．意为“他不认为那些指责有根据”，这里as well founded是charges的宾语补足语。而while前的that是critics的同位语，阐明了critics的内容。
问答题4.【F4】
【正确答案】达尔文谦虚地补充道，他“在注意到极易被忽略的事物并对其仔细观察方面，或许优于常人”。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和句子的层次。 本句的主语是He，谓语是add，add后的that引出的宾语从句就是add的内容。句中“be superiorto”是固定搭配，意为“优于…”。这里句子想要说他在两方面优于“the common run of men”，而这两方面用and来连接，即in noticing things和in observing them处于一个意义层次。本句中的“easily escapeattention”意为“容易被忽略的”。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和句子的层次。 本句的主语是Darwin。谓语部分是“was convinced”，convinced后的that引导的是宾语从句。从句的主语是loss，句子第一层是“was not only…”和“but might…”，而and连接的则是第二个句子层次，是“to the intellect”和“to the moral character”的平行。句中“be injurious to”意为“对…有伤害”，moralcharacter是一个固定搭配，意为“品德／道德品质”。