Passage One
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the Sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.
Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails,and many people do believe this. It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents formed in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it.
Certainty, Bowlby's analysis raises the possibilities that early day care had delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only explored by the use of statistics. However, statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would certainly be complicated and controversial. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care- takers found children had problems with it. Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development.
Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate early care is reasonable for infants.
全文翻译：
英国心理分析学家约翰-波尔认为在孩子出生到3岁之前这时间段是孩子敏感的依恋期，和父母分离的话可能会伤害到孩子性格的形成，并可使他们在未来容易出现情感问题。
有人由此得出结论，认为孩子在3岁之前不应该交给日托所，因为这样会造成孩子和父母的分离。很多人都相信这种说法。有人认为由外人照顾的3岁以下小孩由于和父母分开会受到伤害，但同样也存在烦的这种观点的数法。
然而传统社会和现代社会有极大的不同，因此在这一点上进行比较是没有多少说服力的。首先，人类学家指出现代社会常见的父母子女分开的情况基本不存在于传统社会。例如，在像恩格尼这样的原始部落，孩子的父母不仅抚养自己的孩子---远远不止。
当然，波尔比的分析提出了童年是所受到的照顾可能会后后续的影响。只有靠数据才能分析导致更多，比如说，15或20年后的精神疾病或者犯罪倾向的可能性。然而，这类数据研究还没有完全展开，而且即使有这样的研究，研究成果肯定也会非常复杂和具有争议的。其次，常识告诉我们如果孩子的抚养人----父母发现日托所对孩子造成负面影响的话，日托所是不会像浸提这样普及的。第三，在过去的十年间，许多精细的针对日托所中有关儿童的美国研究报告都一致指出，照顾这件事对孩子的成长只有中性或少许正面的影响。
不论这种分类的长期效果如何，父母有时发现即时影响就很难处理。3岁以下的孩子在离开父母的时候常常通过抗议手段来表达自己的不满。到了3岁或者3.5岁时，几乎所有的孩子都变的比较容易送去托儿所，者无疑是越来越多父母在这个时候选择儿童看护机构的原因。这个问题实际上还远远没有定论，尽管经验和可获得的证据都表明对婴儿来说，早期的看护是合理的。
细节题。 题目问的是“根据文章， 父母和孩子分离的结果 ”。回归原文 ： “However, statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would certainly be complicated and controversial."说 明 还需要更多的数据分析， 符合A项。 而其他三项在文中都没有明确的涉及或 与文中意思不符， 故选A。