单选题
It is a favorite pastime of older people to lament the defects of the young. Every generation seems to be convinced that in its day, standards were higher, schools were tougher and kids were smarter. But if I.Q. scores are any measure, and even their critics agree they measure something, people are getting smarter. Researchers who study intelligence say scores around the world have been increasing so fast that a high proportion of people regarded as normal at the turn of the century would be considered way below average by today's tests. Psychologists offer a variety of possible explanations for the increase, including better nutrition, urbanization, more experience with test taking, and smaller families. Some even say that television and video games have made children's brains more agile. But no explanation is without its critics, and no one can say with certainty what effects, if any, the change is having on how people lead their daily lives. It is all the more mysterious because it seems to be happening in the absence of a simultaneous increase in scores on achievement tests. One explanation for the rise is ruled out: genetics. Because the increase has taken place in a relatively short period of time, it cannot be due to genetic factors. The worldwide pattern of rising scores in industrialized nations was discovered by Dr. James R. Flynn, now a professor at the University of Otego, New Zealand. He began looking into the subject in the 1980's in an effort to rebut Dr. Arthur Jensen, the professor from the UC Berkeley who argued that even if the environments of blacks and whites were equalized, the 15-point gap in I. Q. scores between the races would only be partly eliminated. As Dr. Flynn investigated, he found that I. Q. scores were going up almost everywhere he looked. Although the gap remains, Dr. Flynn said the movement in scores suggests that the gap need not be permanent. If blacks in 1995 had the same mean I. Q. that whites had in 1945, he said, it may be that the average black environment of 1995 was equivalent in quality to the average white environment of 1945. "Is that really so implausible?" Dr. Flynn asked. Meanwhile, the kinds of intelligence that are promoted and respected vary from time to time, said Dr. Patricia Greenfield, a psychology professor at the UCLA. Playing computer games like Tetris promotes very different skills from reading novels. The new skills, she said, are manifested in the world. "Flynn will tell you we don't have more Mozarts and Beethovens," Dr. Greenfield said, "I say, look at the achievements of science, like DNA. Or look at all the technological developments of this century. /
单选题The case of older people is mentioned to______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[考点] 推理判断 [解析] 此题考查考生根据原文具体信息进行判断的能力。第一段第三句提到“如果I.Q.的分数算作是衡量标准的话，即使对此持批评意见的那些人也得承认这些分数能够起到衡量作用，那么人们实际上是越来越聪明了”，也就是说年轻人其实并不比上一代人笨，故C选项正确。 [干扰项分析] 文章第一句提到了“to lament the defects of the young people”(哀叹年轻人的缺点)，接下来并没有对年轻人的缺点进行进一步的阐述，故A选项错误。第二句谈到“每一代人 似乎都很笃定他们那一代的标准更高，学校更严，孩子们更聪明”，但第三句开头一个but马上就转折了，故B选项不对。作者并没有对各代人之间的智力差距进行比较，举这个例子也不是为了说明这一点，故D选项也错误。
单选题Which of the following is true of the intelligence increase according to the text?
单选题We learn from the last paragraph that intelligence______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[考点] 推理判断 [解析] 此题考查考生根据原文具体信息进行判断的能力。判断的依据为文章最后一段第一句，从“vary from time to time”(随着时间的改变而改变)可以推断出，既然有变化，肯定就会有多种形式和衡量标准，故B选项正确。 [干扰项分析] 最后一段第一句提到“被推动并受到尊重的智力类型随着时间的改变而改变”，这说明智力本身就是受到推动和尊重的，这点可以直接从句中看出，并不需要推断得出，故A选项错误。第二句提到“像俄罗斯方块这样的计算机游戏所促进的技能与读小说促进的技能非常不同”，即促进技能的是计算机游戏而并不是智力，故C选项错误。最后一句中提到了科学成就和DNA，但并不能就此推断出智力会受到它们的严重影响，故D选项也不对。