单选题

(B)

The way in which memory takes place is not known. Some psychologists (心理学家) think that there is a physical change in the brain ceils or nerves when learning takes place.
Psychologists are also unable to say what makes people forget. Some things are forgotten quickly while others are always remembered. Sometimes a person seems to have forgotten certain material completely, yet is able to relearn the material more quickly than when he first learned it. In trying to understand memory, psychologists have done a lot of experiments.
Psychologists have found that the conditions under which something is learned have an effect on how well it is remembered. When a great deal of material is to be learned, for example, to learn one thing at a time is better than to learn many things at a time. A person then learns more quickly and remembers better.
Learning two similar things one after the other seems to have a bad effect on memory. When a person memorizes two sets of historical dates, one after the other, for example, he may mix up the two--the learning of new material prevents the remembering of the already learned material.
Most forgetting takes place in the first day or so after learning. After that, forgetting happens more slowly. Material that is understood--such as ideas or riddles (谜语)--is not so easily forgotten. Very little forgetting takes place in time if an idea is well understood. The more meaningful the learned material is, the better it will be remembered.

单选题 The reasons for remembering and forgetting ______.

A. are not clearly known by people
B. are clearly known by only psychologists
C. are different from person to person
D. are not being paid enough attention to

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 短文(D)第1句话就阐明了记忆是怎样产生的尚未知晓(The way in which memory takes place is not known)。答案A)与这句话同义。

单选题 What psychologists can be certain of is that ______.

A. remembering and forgetting are not different from each other
B. the way we learn affects how much we remember
C. the more people learn, the better they can remember
D. remembering and forgetting cannot be understood

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 第3段第1句话说明，心理学家已经查明学习某一事物的方式对记忆这一事物的好坏产生影响。由此可见，答案B)解释了第1句话的意思。

单选题 According to the passage, two similar things should be ______.

A. learned at the same time
B. learned one at a time
C. analyzed before being learned
D. relearned again and again

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 第4段第1句话说明，同时学两种相似的东西，看来记忆的效果不好。两者可能混淆。这暗示，学习两种相似的事物时，最好一次学一个。与答案B)同义。

单选题 The meaningfulness of a learned material ______.

A. has little to do with remembering and forgetting it
B. prevents the remembering of it
C. depends on the conditions under which it is learned
D. has a good effect on how well it is remembered

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 第5段第3句话说明，理解了的材料是不太容易忘记的。这意味着，对记忆的效果起好的作用。最后1句话也表明，所学会的材料越有意义，记忆得越牢靠。综合这两句的意义，答案应是D)。

单选题 The passage is mainly concerned with ______.

A. ways to improve memory
B. ways to prevent forgetting
C. remembering and forgetting
D. experiments on memory

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 综合以上各题，不难看出，这篇短文主要讨论记忆和遗忘。第1段提出了记忆是怎样产生的尚未知晓。第2、3、4段围绕记忆展开，第5段讲述了遗忘，最后的结束语是所学会的材料越有意义，记忆得越牢靠。因此，答案是C)。