阅读理解 In Kuala Lumpur cranes stretch outward among the gleaming towers in a perpetual construction boom powered by foreign investment. The streets are spotless and well policed, the water is clean, and the politics are relatively stable. Consumers around the world benefit from products like mobile devices, circuit boards, and LED screens.
At the heart of this economic success are migrant workers. From Bangladesh, Nepal, the Philippines , Indonesia, and India, they arrive at Kuala Lumpur International Airport by the scoreful, papers in hand, hoping for a better life. Estimates of the number of foreign workers in Malaysia vary widely, from the government's count of almost 1. 8 million to perhaps twice as many, which would amount to a quarter of the country's workforce. Migrant-worker advocates estimate one-third of those workers are undocumented. Many foreign workers believe "Malaysia is the land of milk and honey," said Joseph Paul Maliamauv, of Tenaganita, a workers'-rights organization, when I met him at the group's office in Petaling Jaya, a suburb on the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur. " They come out there, and think the streets are paved with gold. "
But upon arrival, migrants find this paradise doesn't extend to them. Malaysia is "a booming economy and one of the most developed economies, multicultural and multinational, with a huge amount of foreign investment," said David Welsh of the Solidarity Center, an affiliate of the labor group AFL-CIO, when I met him in Kuala Lumpur. " But in a region plagued with human-rights abuses and labor abuses, Malaysia is in many ways transparently the regional leader. "
Malaysia provides a window: a flow of humans that shapes lives, creates the world's things, and is built on the availability of a massive, inexpensive, and flexible labor supply. In Malaysia, it's possible to see what maintains that flow; the recruitment strategies that bring workers to factories, the government policies that are so ineffective at protecting workers, the struggle to improve working conditions up and down supply chains, and the global political and economic realities that sustain the demand for cheap work.
In 2014, the watchdog organization Verite released a study on migrant workers in the electronics sector in Malaysia. Among a sample of more than 400 foreign electronics workers, at least 32 percent were, by Verite's definition, forced to work against their will. According to the report, "these results suggest that forced labor is present in the Malaysian electronics industry in more than isolated incidents, and can indeed be characterized as widespread. "
单选题 36.How big is the number of migrant workers in Malaysia?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词the number of migrant workers定位到第二段第三句:“对马来西亚外籍工人数量的估计差异很大,政府估计有近180万,还有机构估计是这个数字的大约两倍,那就相当于该国劳动力的四分之一。”由此可知,对数字的估计差别很大,并没有准确的数字,因此答案为[D]。
单选题 37.What's Kuala Lumpur to migrant workers in real life?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】推理判断题。题干中的关键词为real life,而不是预想或者想象,首先定位到第三段,[A]“马来西亚是流淌着牛奶和蜂蜜的土地”不正确,这是移民想象中的马来西亚;[B]“一个蓬勃发展的经济体,也是最发达的经济体之一”也不对,因为对于移民工人来说并没有这么美好;[C]“毫无疑问是地区领袖”也不全面。因此答案为[D]“一个充斥着侵犯人权和滥用劳工问题的地区”,这才是移民工人面对的现实。
单选题 38.Which of the following is NOT what you can see in Malaysia?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】细节题。根据题干和选项可以定位到第四段后半部分。[A]“政府的政策不能保护工人”提到了;[C]“全球经济需要廉价劳动力的现实”也提到了;[D]“改善供应链上下工作条件的斗争”也提到了,是对于原文内容的改写。只有[B]“街道都是用金子铺就的”是工人自己的想象,不是真实可以在马来西亚看到的,因此答案为[B]。
单选题 39.How many workers are working willingly in Malaysia?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】推理判断题。题干问的是“有多少工人是自愿在马来西亚干活的?”根据选项定位到第五段,选项中提到的数字依次是[A]“400”是调查机构的样本数目,不正确;[B]“至少32%”是被迫工作的工人数量,不正确;[C]“约为68%”是样本中自愿工作的工人的数量。这三个数字都是样本中的数量,但是在所有移民工人中数字是多少呢?我们不得而知,因此答案为[D]。
单选题 40.The underlined sentence "forced labor is present in the Malaysian electronics industry in more than isolated incidents" most probably means that______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】句意理解题。关键词more than意思为“不仅仅是”。[B]“强迫劳动只是个案”意思正好相反;[C]“强迫劳动只是偶然发生的情况”也不对;[D]“强迫劳动不重要”完全不对;因此答案为[A]“强迫劳动在马来西亚是很普遍的”,而且原句中的后半句也提到了widespread即“很普遍的”,也是一个提示。