问答题
Law-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in the U.S. history. (46) Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society. Indeed, there are moments today when it seems as though the scofflaw represents the wave o the future. (47) Harvard Sociologist David Riesman suspects that a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course. Already, Riesman says, the ethic of U.S. society is in danger of becoming this. "you're a fool if you obey the rules. " Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence supporting Riesman. Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. The graffiti-prone turn public surfaces into visual rubbish. Bicyclists often ride as though two-wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws. Litterbugs convert their communities into trash dumps. (48) Widespread flurries of ordinances have failed to clear public places of high-decibel portable radios, just as earlier laws failed to wipe out the beer-soaked hooliganism that plagues many parks. Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say NO SMOKING. Respectably dressed pot smokers no longer bother to duck out of public sight to pass around a joint. The flagrant use of cocaine is a festering scandal in middle-and-upper-class life. And then there are (hello, Everybody!) the jaywalkers. The dangers of scofflawry vary widely. (49) The person who illegally spits on the sidewalk remains disgusting, but clearly poses less risk to others than the company that illegally buries hazardous chemical waste in an unauthorized location. The farebeater on the subway presents less threat to life than the landlord who ignores fire safety statutes. The most immediately and measurably dangerous scofflawry, however, also happens to be the most visible. The culprit is the American driver, whose lawless activities today add up to a colossal public nuisance. (50) The hazards range from routine double parking that jams city streets to the drunk driving that kills some 25,000 people and injures at least 650,000 others yearly. Illegal speeding on open highways? New surveys show that on some interstate highways 83% of all drivers are currently ignoring the federal 55 mph speed limit.
【答案解析】这是一个简单主从复合句，句架是：Yet it is painfully apparent that...，句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面第一个that引导的主语从句。在主语从句中又包含了两个定语从句，分别由who和that引导，用于修饰先行词Americans和legal codes。短语take liberties with的意思是“肆意对待，随便对待”，legal codes的意思是“法律，法规”，nourish的本义是“滋养，使健壮”，这里可以译成“造福”。
【答案解析】这是一个简单主从复合句，句架是：Harvard Sociologist David Riesman suspects that...。句中that引导的名词从句作suspect的宾语。a majority of的意思是“大多数，大半”，blithely的意思是“快乐地，高兴地”，take to的意思是“逐渐喜欢，逐渐养成”，dereliction的意思是“玩忽职守，错误，缺点”，as a matter of course的意思是“视作理所当然的，毫不在乎的”。
【答案解析】这是一个简单主从复合句，句架是：Widespread flurries of ordinances have failed to…just as earlier laws failed to...。句中just as引导的是方式状语从句，在这个状语从句中又包含了一个由that引导的定语从句，用来修饰先行词hooliganism。flurries的本义是“阵风，飓风”，这里指“像飓风一样广泛宣传或一阵阵宣传”．ordinances的意思是“法令，条例”，clear of的意思是“清除，消除”，wipe out的意思是“消灭，彻底根除”，hooliganism的意思是“流氓行为，少年无赖习气，恶作剧”，plague的意思是“祸害，危害”。