1. A Reading Passage Read the following passage carefully. Ceramic objects such as pottery are major sources of information about the past for archaeologists. Thanks to their durability, which enables the ceramics to last for thousands of years, they are commonly found at dig sites. While the purposes of most ceramic objects are obvious, there are times when the reason that an item was made eludes archaeologists. Ceramic disks are one such example. The purposes of these relatively fiat, circular pieces of pottery are unknown, yet archaeologists have a few seemingly valid theories regarding how they were utilized. Some experts theorize that the ceramic disks were once used for cooking. On account of their fiat surfaces and ability to withstand high heat, the disks might have been used as frying pans in ancient times. Perhaps they were placed on tripods or balanced on rocks over open fires, and then people cooked meat, fish, or other foods atop them. A second possibility is that they were created to be musical instruments. Large disks could have been used as drums. These disks would have been held in one hand or balanced on a wooden stand or frame while the musician then beat on the surface of the disk with a heavy stick in order to produce a sound. Disks of various sizes would have been able to create different tones. Other archaeologists hypothesize that the disks were utilized as mirrors. If they were highly polished, people could have used them for their reflective surfaces. These would have been popular in societies that had discovered neither metallurgy nor how to make glassware. While the images they created would not have been outstanding, they still would have enabled people to view themselves. Outlining Write an outline of the reading passage in the space provided. Main Point ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 1 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 2 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 3 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Paraphrasing Exercises Read the following sentences. Then, paraphrase them. Be sure to include the key information in each sentence. 1 On account of their flat surfaces and ability to withstand high heat, the disks might have been used as frying pans in ancient times. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2 These disks would have been held in one hand or balanced on a wooden stand or frame while the musician then beat on the surface of the disk with a heavy stick in order to produce a sound. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 3 While the images they created would not have been outstanding, they still would have enabled people to view themselves. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
Outlining Main Point: are some theories on how flat ceramic disks were used Argument 1: used for cooking -were flat and could withstand heat→used as frying pans -placed on tripods or balanced on rocks→food cooked on them Argument 2: were musical instruments -used as drums -could beat with hands or with sticks Argument 3: used as mirrors -had reflective surfaces -would have been popular in societies w/no metallurgy or glassware Paraphrasing Exercises 1 Since they were fiat and could withstand heat, the disks could have been used as frying pans. 2 People could have held the disks or balanced them on stands and then beat them to make music. 3 The images would have been poor but would have let people see themselves.
2. B Listening Lecture Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
Note-Taking Main Point _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Argument 1 _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Argument 2 _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Argument 3 _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Paraphrasing Exercises Read the following sentences. Then, paraphrase them. Be sure to include the key information in each sentence. 1 And no disks found have any of those marks on them, so since there's no physical evidence, I think we can discount this theory. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2 Ceramics are a poor means of transmitting musical tones, which is in evidence today by the lack of musical instruments made of ceramics. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 3 A third prominent theory—that ceramic disks were once mirrors—is laughable for the simple reason that ceramics don't have highly reflective surfaces. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
Note-Taking Main Point: are problems w/3 leading theories on flat ceramic disks Argument 1: weren't used for cooking -lack scorch marks, discoloration from fire, or food residue -no physical evidence were used to cook with Argument 2: weren't musical instruments -ceramics transmit musical tones poorly -used wood or animal hides to make instruments in past Argument 3: weren't mirrors -lack highly reflective surfaces -mirrors were personal items w/decorations but disks lack decorations Paraphrasing Exercises 1 Since there are no marks on the ceramic disks, the theory should be disregarded. 2 Ceramics don't transmit sound well, so there aren't modern musical instruments made of them. 3 The theory that the disks were mirrors is wrong because ceramics don't have highly reflective surfaces.
[听力原文] Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. M Professor: Take a look at this object on the screen...It's a flat ceramic disk. Disks like this one have been found at different dig sites in various places around the world, but, um, guess what...? We're not really sure what they were used for. Of course, uh, archaeologists have come up with some theories regarding their purposes. But if you ask me, each of the three leading theories has some problems. Why don't I tell you about them now...? There are some who believe that these flat disks were used for cooking. You know, uh, they were used like frying pans. But look at the disk currently on screen...Do you see any scorch marks, discoloration from fire, or food residue on it...? I don't. And no disks found have any of those marks on them, so, uh, since there's no physical evidence, I think we can discount this theory. Now, uh, what would you say if I told you that the flat ceramic disks were used as musical instruments, uh, such as drums...? Yeah, I can see some of you grinning. That's a rather farfetched theory, isn't it...? Ceramics are a poor means of transmitting musical tones, which is in evidence today by the lack of musical instruments made of ceramics. Hollowed-out wood or cured animal hides stretched over wooden frames were the preferred means of making drums in ancient times, not ceramics. A third prominent theory—that ceramic disks were once mirrors—is laughable for the simple reason that ceramics don't have highly reflective surfaces. Sure, they can reflect images, but not well enough to serve as mirrors. And consider that mirrors from ancient times were almost always decorated since mirrors were personal items. Well, uh, the ceramic disks unearthed thus far have no decorations at all.
3. C Combining the Main Points Read the following sentences from the reading passage and listening lecture. Then, combine each pair of sentences by using the given patterns. 1 Reading On account of their flat surfaces and ability to withstand high heat, the disks might have been used as frying pans in ancient times. Listening Do you see any scorch marks, discoloration from fire, or food residue on it...? I don't. And no disks found have any of those marks on them, so since there's no physical evidence, I think we can discount this theory. →The professor points out ______________________________, so this disproves the notion in the reading passage that ______________________________. 2 Reading A second possibility is that they were created to be musical instruments. Large disks could have been used as drums. Listening Ceramics are a poor means of transmitting musical tones, which is in evidence today by the lack of musical instruments made of ceramics. Hollowed-out wood or cured animal hides stretched over wooden frames were the preferred means of making drums in ancient times, not ceramics. →In stating that ______________________________________________________________________________, the professor proves that the idea that ____________________________________. 3 Reading Other archaeologists hypothesize that the disks were utilized as mirrors. If they were highly polished, people could have used them for their reflective surfaces. Listening A third prominent theory—that ceramic disks were once mirrors—is laughable for the simple reason that ceramics don't have highly reflective surfaces. Sure, they can reflect images, but not well enough to serve as mirrors. →While both the professor and the reading passage admit that ________________________, the professor says that ____________________________________.
1 The professor points out the absence of scorch marks and food residue on the disks, so this disproves the notion in the reading passage that the ceramic disks were placed over fire and then used to cook food on. 2 In stating that ceramics are poor materials for musical instruments and that wood and animal skins were favored as musical instruments, the professor proves that the idea that ceramic disks were beaten like drums is inaccurate. 3 While both the professor and the reading passage admit that the disks have reflective surfaces, the professor says that the reflections are too poor to have been used as mirrors.
4. D Completing the Essay Complete the following sample essay. Use the phrases to help you write your essay. The professor talks to the students about ______________________________________________________. In the process of his lecture, the professor discusses ________________________________________________. The first theory mentioned is that ____________________________________. The professor, however, ______________________________. He points out ______________________________, so this disproves the notion in the reading passage that __________________________________________. The second theory claims that ______________________________. The professor doubts ________________________. In stating ________________________________________________, the professor proves that the idea that ______________________________. The third theory is ________________________. But the professor ________________________. While both the professor and the reading passage admit that ______________________________, the professor says that ____________________________________________________________.
Sample Essay The professor talks to the students about some theories regarding the uses of flat ceramic disks unearthed at archaeological dig sites. In the process of his lecture, the professor discusses some problems with the main theories on how the disks were utilized. The first theory mentioned is that the disks were used as cooking appliances. The professor, however, disregards this theory. He points out the absence of scorch marks and food residue on the disks, so this disproves the notion in the reading passage that the ceramic disks were placed over fire and then used to cook food on. The second theory claims that the disks were ancient musical instruments. The professor doubts this for a couple of reasons. In stating that ceramics are poor materials for musical instruments and that wood and animal skins were favored as musical instruments, the professor proves that the idea that ceramic disks were beaten like drums is inaccurate. The third theory is the belief that the disks were mirrors. But the professor disregards this theory as well. While both the professor and the reading passage admit that the disks have reflective surfaces, the professor says that the reflections are too poor to have been used as mirrors. He adds that the disks have no decorations, which most ancient mirrors had.
问答题1.A Reading Passage Read the following passage carefully. Ceramic objects such as pottery are major sources of information about the past for archaeologists. Thanks to their durability, which enables the ceramics to last for thousands of years, they are commonly found at dig sites. While the purposes of most ceramic objects are obvious, there are times when the reason that an item was made eludes archaeologists. Ceramic disks are one such example. The purposes of these relatively fiat, circular pieces of pottery are unknown, yet archaeologists have a few seemingly valid theories regarding how they were utilized. Some experts theorize that the ceramic disks were once used for cooking. On account of their fiat surfaces and ability to withstand high heat, the disks might have been used as frying pans in ancient times. Perhaps they were placed on tripods or balanced on rocks over open fires, and then people cooked meat, fish, or other foods atop them. A second possibility is that they were created to be musical instruments. Large disks could have been used as drums. These disks would have been held in one hand or balanced on a wooden stand or frame while the musician then beat on the surface of the disk with a heavy stick in order to produce a sound. Disks of various sizes would have been able to create different tones. Other archaeologists hypothesize that the disks were utilized as mirrors. If they were highly polished, people could have used them for their reflective surfaces. These would have been popular in societies that had discovered neither metallurgy nor how to make glassware. While the images they created would not have been outstanding, they still would have enabled people to view themselves. Outlining Write an outline of the reading passage in the space provided. Main Point ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 1 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 2 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 3 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Paraphrasing Exercises Read the following sentences. Then, paraphrase them. Be sure to include the key information in each sentence. 1 On account of their flat surfaces and ability to withstand high heat, the disks might have been used as frying pans in ancient times. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2 These disks would have been held in one hand or balanced on a wooden stand or frame while the musician then beat on the surface of the disk with a heavy stick in order to produce a sound. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 3 While the images they created would not have been outstanding, they still would have enabled people to view themselves. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
【正确答案】Outlining Main Point: are some theories on how flat ceramic disks were used Argument 1: used for cooking -were flat and could withstand heat→used as frying pans -placed on tripods or balanced on rocks→food cooked on them Argument 2: were musical instruments -used as drums -could beat with hands or with sticks Argument 3: used as mirrors -had reflective surfaces -would have been popular in societies w/no metallurgy or glassware Paraphrasing Exercises 1 Since they were fiat and could withstand heat, the disks could have been used as frying pans. 2 People could have held the disks or balanced them on stands and then beat them to make music. 3 The images would have been poor but would have let people see themselves.
【答案解析】
问答题2.B Listening Lecture Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
Note-Taking Main Point _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Argument 1 _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Argument 2 _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Argument 3 _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Paraphrasing Exercises Read the following sentences. Then, paraphrase them. Be sure to include the key information in each sentence. 1 And no disks found have any of those marks on them, so since there's no physical evidence, I think we can discount this theory. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2 Ceramics are a poor means of transmitting musical tones, which is in evidence today by the lack of musical instruments made of ceramics. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 3 A third prominent theory—that ceramic disks were once mirrors—is laughable for the simple reason that ceramics don't have highly reflective surfaces. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
【正确答案】Note-Taking Main Point: are problems w/3 leading theories on flat ceramic disks Argument 1: weren't used for cooking -lack scorch marks, discoloration from fire, or food residue -no physical evidence were used to cook with Argument 2: weren't musical instruments -ceramics transmit musical tones poorly -used wood or animal hides to make instruments in past Argument 3: weren't mirrors -lack highly reflective surfaces -mirrors were personal items w/decorations but disks lack decorations Paraphrasing Exercises 1 Since there are no marks on the ceramic disks, the theory should be disregarded. 2 Ceramics don't transmit sound well, so there aren't modern musical instruments made of them. 3 The theory that the disks were mirrors is wrong because ceramics don't have highly reflective surfaces.
【答案解析】 [听力原文] Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. M Professor: Take a look at this object on the screen...It's a flat ceramic disk. Disks like this one have been found at different dig sites in various places around the world, but, um, guess what...? We're not really sure what they were used for. Of course, uh, archaeologists have come up with some theories regarding their purposes. But if you ask me, each of the three leading theories has some problems. Why don't I tell you about them now...? There are some who believe that these flat disks were used for cooking. You know, uh, they were used like frying pans. But look at the disk currently on screen...Do you see any scorch marks, discoloration from fire, or food residue on it...? I don't. And no disks found have any of those marks on them, so, uh, since there's no physical evidence, I think we can discount this theory. Now, uh, what would you say if I told you that the flat ceramic disks were used as musical instruments, uh, such as drums...? Yeah, I can see some of you grinning. That's a rather farfetched theory, isn't it...? Ceramics are a poor means of transmitting musical tones, which is in evidence today by the lack of musical instruments made of ceramics. Hollowed-out wood or cured animal hides stretched over wooden frames were the preferred means of making drums in ancient times, not ceramics. A third prominent theory—that ceramic disks were once mirrors—is laughable for the simple reason that ceramics don't have highly reflective surfaces. Sure, they can reflect images, but not well enough to serve as mirrors. And consider that mirrors from ancient times were almost always decorated since mirrors were personal items. Well, uh, the ceramic disks unearthed thus far have no decorations at all.
问答题3.C Combining the Main Points Read the following sentences from the reading passage and listening lecture. Then, combine each pair of sentences by using the given patterns. 1 Reading On account of their flat surfaces and ability to withstand high heat, the disks might have been used as frying pans in ancient times. Listening Do you see any scorch marks, discoloration from fire, or food residue on it...? I don't. And no disks found have any of those marks on them, so since there's no physical evidence, I think we can discount this theory. →The professor points out ______________________________, so this disproves the notion in the reading passage that ______________________________. 2 Reading A second possibility is that they were created to be musical instruments. Large disks could have been used as drums. Listening Ceramics are a poor means of transmitting musical tones, which is in evidence today by the lack of musical instruments made of ceramics. Hollowed-out wood or cured animal hides stretched over wooden frames were the preferred means of making drums in ancient times, not ceramics. →In stating that ______________________________________________________________________________, the professor proves that the idea that ____________________________________. 3 Reading Other archaeologists hypothesize that the disks were utilized as mirrors. If they were highly polished, people could have used them for their reflective surfaces. Listening A third prominent theory—that ceramic disks were once mirrors—is laughable for the simple reason that ceramics don't have highly reflective surfaces. Sure, they can reflect images, but not well enough to serve as mirrors. →While both the professor and the reading passage admit that ________________________, the professor says that ____________________________________.
【正确答案】1 The professor points out the absence of scorch marks and food residue on the disks, so this disproves the notion in the reading passage that the ceramic disks were placed over fire and then used to cook food on. 2 In stating that ceramics are poor materials for musical instruments and that wood and animal skins were favored as musical instruments, the professor proves that the idea that ceramic disks were beaten like drums is inaccurate. 3 While both the professor and the reading passage admit that the disks have reflective surfaces, the professor says that the reflections are too poor to have been used as mirrors.
【答案解析】
问答题4.D Completing the Essay Complete the following sample essay. Use the phrases to help you write your essay. The professor talks to the students about ______________________________________________________. In the process of his lecture, the professor discusses ________________________________________________. The first theory mentioned is that ____________________________________. The professor, however, ______________________________. He points out ______________________________, so this disproves the notion in the reading passage that __________________________________________. The second theory claims that ______________________________. The professor doubts ________________________. In stating ________________________________________________, the professor proves that the idea that ______________________________. The third theory is ________________________. But the professor ________________________. While both the professor and the reading passage admit that ______________________________, the professor says that ____________________________________________________________.
【正确答案】Sample Essay The professor talks to the students about some theories regarding the uses of flat ceramic disks unearthed at archaeological dig sites. In the process of his lecture, the professor discusses some problems with the main theories on how the disks were utilized. The first theory mentioned is that the disks were used as cooking appliances. The professor, however, disregards this theory. He points out the absence of scorch marks and food residue on the disks, so this disproves the notion in the reading passage that the ceramic disks were placed over fire and then used to cook food on. The second theory claims that the disks were ancient musical instruments. The professor doubts this for a couple of reasons. In stating that ceramics are poor materials for musical instruments and that wood and animal skins were favored as musical instruments, the professor proves that the idea that ceramic disks were beaten like drums is inaccurate. The third theory is the belief that the disks were mirrors. But the professor disregards this theory as well. While both the professor and the reading passage admit that the disks have reflective surfaces, the professor says that the reflections are too poor to have been used as mirrors. He adds that the disks have no decorations, which most ancient mirrors had.