【正确答案】(1)根据案例材料可知，甲公司主要分析了宏观环境中的经济环境和社会文化环境。 经济环境主要分析的是经济发展水平，经过分析，发现本国经济正处于上升通道，消费者的消费能力会进一步提高。 社会文化环境主要分析的是消费心理，发现本国消费者素来有消费奢侈品的习惯。 (2)集中化战略里的集中差异战略。甲公司决定以高端的机械表为突破口，强调自身机械表的优异品质，塑造高端品牌，从而占据巨大的市场份额，表明采用的是集中化战略里的集中差异战略。 集中化战略的风险包括：①狭小的目标市场导致的风险。②购买者群体之间需求差异变小。 ③竞争对手的进入与竞争。 (3)研发定位的类型可以有三种：①成为向市场推出新技术产品的企业；②成为成功产品的创新模仿者；③成为成功产品的低成本生产者。由于该公司一直被公认为是最好的钟表制造商之一，强调生产优质产品，根据这种情况，该公司可以选择成为向市场推出新技术产品的企业。 English answers: (1)According to the case material, A Company mainly analyses the macro economic environ-merit, social and cuhural environment. Economic environment mainly analyses degree of economic development. It is found that the econ-omy is booming through analysis, consumers' purchasing power will be further improved. Social and cultural environment analysis is fo-cused on consumer psychology; it is found that consumers have a behavior of consuming luxury goods. (2)Focused differentiation strategy included into focuesed strategy. A Company decides to use high end mechanical watches as a breakthrough with an emphasis on their exceptional quality, and builds a high-end brand, which occupies a huge market share. It is shown that A Company uses a focused differenti-ation strategy included into focuesed strategy. The risks arising from focused strategy include: ①the risk originated from narrow target market. ②the difference between customers demand be-come less. ③competitive rivals entering into the competi-tion. (3)Research and development can have three types of positioning: ①company launch new products to markets; ②Became imitators of successful product inno-vation; ③Become the low cost producer of successful products.