问答题
Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. The well-known one is negative: a thinner pay packet harms self-esteem. The lesser-known one is called the "tunnel effect": high incomes for peers are seen as improving your own chances of similar riches, especially if growth, inequality and mobility are high.
A paper authored by Tom Dorson of the University of St Andrews separates the two effects using data from household surveys in Germany. Previous work showed that the income of others can have a small, or even positive, overall effect on people"s satisfaction in individual firms. But Mr. Dorson"s team hypothesized that older workers, who largely know their lifetime incomes already, will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect.
The data confirm this hypothesis. The negative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for people aged under 45. It is only those people over 45, when careers have "reached a stable position", whose happiness is harmed by the success of others.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】我们知道,薪水比同事少会对人们的幸福感产生两种效应。为人所熟悉的是负面效应,即薪水越少,越有损自尊。另一个是人们不太熟悉的“隧道效应”,即同事的高薪提升了人们对于自己加薪几率的期待,尤其是当公司处于快速成长期、工资差异大和员工升迁可能性高的环境时。
在圣安德鲁斯大学的汤姆·道森发表的一文中,根据在德国的家庭调查所得的数据,他区分了这两种效应。前人研究表明,在人们对其所在公司的满意度上,同事的收入会对这产生较小的甚至正面的整体影响。但是,道森先生的研究小组推测,对于那些基本已经知道其终生收入的老员工来说,隧道效应要小得多。
调查的数据证实了这一推测。对于45岁以下的员工来说,比同事薪水少所产生的负面效应对之前所说的幸福指数并无明显影响。只有那些45岁以上、事业已达稳定状态的人,其幸福感会因为他人的成功而降低。
The well-known one is negative: a thinner pay packet harms self-esteem.
packet一词原意为“小包裹,小捆”,pay packet是固定搭配,意思是“工资,薪水”;self-esteem一词表示“自尊”。
为人所熟悉的是负面效应,即薪水越少,越有损自尊。
The lesser-known one is called the "tunnel effect": high incomes for peers are seen as improving your own chances of similar riches, especially if growth, inequality and mobility are high.
冒号后面的内容是对前面“tunnel effect”的解释说明,在翻译的时候可加上一个“即”字,表示这是对前面概念的解释。
are seen as直译为“被看做”,但在这句话中为了句子的通顺,可在理解整句话的基础上采取意译策略。improving your own chances of similar riches中chance在这里不是机会的意思,而表示“几率”,chances of sth.,得到某事的几率;riches表示“财富”。if引导的状语从句后面的几个名词翻译需要特别注意,不可简单直译,需要在理解的基础上添加一些信息,以保证译文的通顺。growth,inequality and mobility这里都是指某个公司的情况,翻译时可分别译为:“公司的发展”、“工资的差异”和“员工升迁的可能性”。
另一个是人们不太熟悉的“隧道效应”,即同事的高薪提升了人们对于自己加薪几率的期待,尤其是当公司处于快速成长期,工资差异大和员工升迁可能性高的环境时。
A paper authored by Tom Dorson of the University of St Andrews separates the two effects using data from household surveys in Germany.
authored在这里是个动词,表示“编写,创作”。using data from household surveys意为“使用家庭调查数据”。
在圣安德鲁斯大学的汤姆·道森发表的一文中,根据在德国家庭调查数据,他区分了这两种效应。
The negative effect on repotted levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for people aged under 45.
句子主干是The negative effect...is not visible...。主语使用了短语the effect of sth. on sth.,但是这里effect后面of连接的定语因为太长而放到了reported levels of happiness后面,这也属于句子成分的一种倒装。
not visible意为“看不见的”,但在句中应该理解为“不明显的”。
对于45岁以下的员工来说,比同事薪水少所产生的负面效应对之前所说的幸福指数并无明显影响。
It is only those people over 45, when careers have "reached a stable position", whose happiness is harmed by the success of others.
这句话使用了一个强调句型,It is...whose...。另外,those people over 45后面还接了一个when引导的定语从句。
reach a stable position这个短语的意思是“达到稳定状态”。
只有那些45岁以上、事业已达稳定状态的人,其幸福感会因为他人的成功而降低。