单选题
Many phrases used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The relation between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is also less than most forecasters has predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past few years, inflation has been continually lower than expected in Britain and America. Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially that of America, have little productive slack. America's capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models which were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
单选题
According to the text, making monetary policy changes
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 文章第一段提到了：And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy．政策对经济的影响有一个长期的间隔期。即政策的变化不会立刻影响经济。
单选题
From the text we learn that
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 从文章可知：选项A：通货膨胀和银行存款利率之间关系明确。错误，文章说：The relation between interest rates and inflation is uncertain。选项B：经济总是跟随某种潮流。错误，文章没提到。选项C：当前的经济问题完全被预测到了。错误，当前的经济形式比预测的要好。选项D：目前的经济形式比预料的要好。