Passage 1
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities, Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
This selection can best be titled ________.
主旨题。从每段的段首可以看出这篇文章讲的是智力和环境的关系。选A。
The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that ________.
主旨题。从每段的段首可以看出这篇文章讲的是智力和环境的关系。只有C项描述了智力与环境的关系。选C。
According to the passage, the average I. Q. is ________.
细节题。从最后一段的句子“Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average”可知平 均智商是100。选D。
The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that ________.
推理题。从文章的最后一段的句子“Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.”可知是因为缺乏机会阻碍智力发展。选D。
This passage suggests that an individual's I. Q. ________.
细节题。从第二段的句子“Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.”可知人的智商是可以通过教育提高的。选A。