单选题 Popular education in England started as a social welfare as well as an educational service. Robert Raikes, who opened the first Sunday School in 1780, and the two bodies of religious and philanthropic people who provided all the day schools until 1870, were inspired to act by two motives--one was shame at the existence in a great country like England of children and many adults who could not read or write, and the other was concern at the conditions which the industrial revolution had provided for the swarms of children who inhabited the new towns.
This approach to popular education was not the same in other countries. In Prussia, Switzerland, France and in the U. S. A. , the duty to see that future citizens were educated was recognized as that of the State, and public money was allotted to it much earlier than in England. Although the churches in some of these countries were associated with the State system--since religion was recognized to have an important share in the upbringing of the young--the prime motive force was education. The doctrines of the French Revolution were mainly responsible on the Continent for a first approach to educational opportunity, but these doctrines did not meet with the approval of the governing classes in this country. No statesman here at the beginning of the nineteenth century would have echoed Thomas Jefferson's famous saying of 1812 that "if a nation expects to be both free and ignorant it expects what never was and never can be in a state of civilization". The most our leaders achieved was the reluctant recognition, sixty years later, that "we must educate our masters". But if we were later than other nations in realizing the importance of popular education, our system has gained something from its dual (double) origin. We have, sooner than other countries, realized that education is not merely instruction, that schools are places where the very young children can be cared for, and that all children have bodies as well as minds.

单选题 Popular education in England before 1870 was NOT funded by ______.
A. the government B. the churches
C. individuals D. social welfare organizations

单选题 What was the major educational difference between Britain and the U. S. in the 19th century?
A. The U. S. government alone funded the popular education.
B. In the U. S. public fund was given to education much earlier than in England.
C. Only in England the churches supported popular education.
D. Education in England was funded from two sources while it was funded from one in the U. S.

单选题 From his famous saying of 1812 we can see that Thomas Jefferson ______.
A. believed the doctrines of the French Revolution were irrelevant to his country
B. refused to believe popular education alone could win freedom for any nation
C. believed no statesman in England would approve the doctrines of the French Revolution
D. refused to believe freedom and ignorance could exist together

单选题 By "its dual origin" the author means that ______.
A. education in England began as a social welfare as well as an educational service
B. there were both Sunday schools and day schools in England
C. all children have bodies as well as minds
D. originally schools in England were run by the religious and philanthropic bodies

单选题 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. In France education was mainly instruction.
B. In a way the author is proud of the educational system of his country.
C. The industrial revolution improved the conditions for many children living in the new towns.
D. A great many people in England were illiterate at the beginning of the nineteenth century.