单选题 Bernard Jackson is a free man today, but he has many bitter memories. Jackson spent five years in prison after a jury wrongly convicted him of raping two women. At Jackson's trial, although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the times of the crimes, he was convicted anyway. Why? The jury believed the testimony of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who had attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the man who had really committed the crimes.
Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a lineup of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in the lineup, and whether it is a live lineup or a photograph, may also affect a witness' decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.
Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. Psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. The psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes.
Despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot exclude eyewitness testimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve court cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. Although people do sometimes make mistakes, many times they really do identify individuals correctly.
American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witness' testimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear, and remember what occurred.
In a few cases the testimony of eyewitnesses has convicted innocent people. More importantly, it has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people; consequently, it continues to be of great value in the American judicial system.

单选题 Benard Jackson was found guilty by the jury because ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】细节题。在第一段中，作者先介绍了一下Bernard Jackson的情况，指出在其案件中，尽管有两位证人证实他案发时跟他们在一起，但他仍然被定罪了。然后，作者用Why?提问，并在后一句直接说明了原因：The jury believed the testimony of the two victims...had attacked them，即陪审团相信两位受害人的证词，她们肯定地指认他就是袭击她们的人，所以本题答案无疑就是[A]，该项只是这一句中定语从句部分的改写而已。

单选题 An eyewitness' testimony is sometimes inaccurate because ______.

单选题 Eyewitness testimony is vital because ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】推理判断题。短文第四段指出，尽管有可能不准确，但法庭在审理案件时却不能排除目击证词，美国的法庭几乎完全依赖目击证词来断案。在该段第三句，作者指出：Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime，such as rape(有时它是罪案如强奸案的唯一证据)，这正是美国的法庭不能排除目击证词、即目击证词很重要的原因，因此本题答案是[B]。其余三项都无法由原文推知：[A]项中的in all cases过于绝对，由常识即可排除；[C]项是对该段第三句的改写，明显与原文不符；[D]项属于比较，在原文中找不到出处。

单选题 An inaccurate eyewitness testimony may lead to ______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】细节题。对应的信息是原文最后一段第一句: ...the testimony of eyewitnesses has convicted innocent people(目击证词使得无辜者被判有罪)。这里所说的the testimony of eyewitnesses当然就是题目所指的an inaccurate eyewitness testimony(不准确的目击证词)。事实上，短文所用的Benard Jackson的遭遇就是一个这样的例子，因此本题无疑应当选[D]。其余三项中，dismissal(驳回)、disbelief(不相信)和 disrespect(不尊重)都属于原文未提及的内容。

单选题 From the text we know that ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】细节题。短文最后一句明确指出：it continues to be of great value in the American judicial system(它在美国司法体系中仍然起着重要的作用)，其主语it指的就是短文主旨eyewitness testimony(目击证词)，而[A]项中的play an essential part实际上就是对该句中be of great value的同义表达，因此该项就是本题答案。其余各项都与原文不符，也无法由原文合理推知。