阅读理解 In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human- relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become power-less, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one''s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century "free enterprise capitalism"7 Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of and of reason--are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

单选题 By "a well-oiled cog in the machinery" the author intends to render the idea that man is _________.

单选题 The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _________.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】细节题题干问：无论是工人还是雇员，他们焦虑的真正原因是什么。本题可定位于文章第三段第六句至结束。其大意为：自工人和雇员申请的第一份工作起，他们就得接受智力测试，得经受是否兼有听从上级和独立处事能力的考察，从那刻起他们被一次又一次地考察——心理学家考察他们是因为这种考察是一桩大买卖，而他们的上司考察他们是为了评估他的表现、社交能力以及与他人相处等等能力，这种旨在证明一个人与其竞争对手表现的一样好或比他更好的持续不断的需要给人带来了经常不断的焦虑和压力，而这正是痛苦和疾病发生的原因所在，由此我们可判断D)选项(他们被剥夺个性和独立性)为正确答案。

单选题 From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those _________.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】推断题题干问：我们从文章可推断真正幸福的生活属于哪些人。本题可定位于第三段最后一句话 This constant need to prove．．．the very causes of unhappiness and illness。该句意为：这种旨在证明一个人与其竞争对手表现得一样好或比他更好的持续不断的需要给人带来了经常不断的焦虑和压力，而这正是痛苦和疾病发生的原因，由此我们可以进行反向推论，倘若要获得真正的幸福就得远离这个竞争激烈的世界，D)选项正合此意，故而正确。