单选题 Inflation has just exploded. The real problem is that we have an underlying rate of inflation—an impetus of wages chasing prices—of maybe 9 percent that is heading towards 10 percent. There also have been tremendous shocks in energy, food and housing prices, making it worse.
By the end of the year, we will be in a situation where year in, year out, we can look forward to at least 10 percent inflation. And the question will be: How much worse will oil, food and housing prices make that?
The situation has degenerated to the point that the only way to turn it around is to think of some very extreme changes in policy. A policy of gradualism, where you"re talking about a mild recession and another 1 to 2 million people unemployed, won"t make much difference. Postponing action just means that inflation presses further and is even more difficult to deal with.
You have to start with revenue and monetary restraint. All the burden now is on monetary policy. We should shift to a much more restrictive revenue policy and an easier monetary policy. To be significant, the 1981 budget should be cut by at least 20 billion dollars from 616 billion President Carter proposed. That"s a major cut in government programs—and very hard to do. It"s impossible if you save defense and all the programs indexed for changes in the cost of living.
So it means cuts across the board in every area—including the indexed programs, such as Social Security and food stamps. State and local-government revenue-sharing programs are another major candidate. You"ve also got to reopen the 1980 budget and cut that.
Then I would favor wage and price controls to break the impetus of the wage-price interaction In order to get quick results, I"d set the standard around 5 or 6 percent for both wages and prices. Basically, you"re aiming to cut the rate of inflation in half the first year. There would be no exceptions, but you would focus on large corporations and major labor settlements.
For the special sectors where the big shocks have occurred, controls won"t work. Instead, you need additional policies in each one of those areas.
There are no cheap or easy solutions to the inflation problem. My answer is to take all the things that everybody wants to do, and instead of choosing among them, do all of them. We"ve got to think in terms of a comprehensive program.

单选题 In the author"s opinion, the high inflation rate in the US was accompanied by

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 该题为细节题。根据第一段第二句“The real problem is that we have an underlying rate of inflation—an impetus of wages chasing prices—of maybe 9 percent that is heading towards 10 percent.”可以看出，我们国家存在一种潜在的通货膨胀率，而这种潜在的通货膨胀率以工资追赶物价的形式表现出来。这说明随着物价不断上涨，工资也不断上涨，由此可知，高通货膨胀率伴随工资上涨而来。故选B。

单选题 The only way to reverse the worsening situation seems to be

单选题 We can learn from the fourth paragraph that

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 该题为细节题。根据第四段第四句“To be significant, the 1981 budget should be cut by at least 20 billion dollars from 616 billion President Carter proposed.”可以看出，为了显著改善通货膨胀情况，1981年卡特总统提议的6160亿的政府预算应该至少减少200亿，即应该大量减少税收来改善通货膨胀情况，故A项符合文意；根据第四段最后一句“It"s impossible if you save defense and all the programs indexed for changes in the cost of living.”可以看出，我们不可能通过减少国防投入和节省改善大众生活条件项目的资金来减少政府预算，故B项的表述错误；第四段没有关于如何改善人民生活的表述，故不选择C项；根据第四段第一句“You have to start with revenue and monetary restraint.”可以看出，为了控制通货膨胀，我们应该增强对税收及货币政策的限制，而D项的表述与文意相反，故不选择D项。

单选题 The phrase" special sectors" (line 1, paragraph 7) most probably refers to

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 该题为释义题。第七段第一句“For the special sectors where the big shocks have occurred...”告诉我们，这些特殊行业已经受到了通货膨胀的巨大影响，而且根据第一段最后一句“There also have been tremendous shocks in energy, food and housing prices, making it worse.”可以看出，能源、食品及住房价格已经发生了巨大震荡，这使得通货膨胀更加糟糕；综合以上两方面的因素，故选A。