单选题 If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition wealth, distinction, control over one"s destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition"s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them.
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs. The locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.
单选题 It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 本题可参照文章的第1段。从中可知,如果要人们高度重视抱负的话,那么它所带来的回报一财富、荣誉以及对自己命运的主宰必须让人们认为值得为它作出牺牲;抱负的传统若是要激发活力,那么它就应该得到人们的广泛认可;尤其应该得到那些受人羡慕之士的高度重视,特别是应该得到那些受过教育的人们的高度重视。据此可知,要想抱负受到高度重视,除非它所带来的回报值得为它作出牺牲。A项与文章的意思相符,因此A项为正确答案。
单选题 The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题可参照文章的第1段。从中可知,可正是那些受过良好教育的人却奇怪地声称,他们已经不再把抱负当做理想。但奇怪的是他们已从豪情壮志中获得了很大好处——如果不是自己的壮志雄心,就是他们父母的和祖父母的。这当中有很强的虚伪成分,如同马跑后再关上马房的门一样——但受过良好教育的人却正骑在那些逃跑的骏马上。据此可知,实现了理想后就否认自己有抱负,显然是虚伪之举。C项与文章的意思相符,因此C项为正确答案。
单选题 Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 本题可参照文章的第2段。从中可知,与过去相比,现在的人们对成功以及成功标志的兴趣似乎并没有减少;别墅的位置、旅游的景点以及轿车的品牌可能会改变,但是,对这类东西的需求似乎并没有减少:有所改变的就是,人们不能够坦承自己的梦想,不能够再像以前那样轻松、公开地表露自己的理想,他们这样做是怕别人说自己爱出风头、贪得无厌以及没有品味;于是,我们现在看到的虚伪现象似乎比以前任何时候都多;对于这些人以及更多与之相似的人来说,恰当的解释是“不惜一切代价获得成功,但避免表现出野心勃勃”。据此可知,人们虽然有抱负,但却不敢表露出来,因为他们担心受到别人的指责。D项与文章的意思相符,因此D项为正确答案。
单选题 From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题可参照文章的最后一段。从中可知,对抱负的攻击很多,并来自不同的角度;因此,在美国,人们不再像以前那样把抱负看成是一种健康的动力,看成是一种应该受到羡慕、应该深深地扎根于年轻人心目中的品质,因而对它的支持可能比以前少了;但这并不意味着人们没有了抱负,并不意味着人们感受不到它对人的鼓舞和启发了,只不过是人们不再公开以它为荣了,更不愿意公开表白它了;当然,由此产生了一些后果,其中有些就是抱负被迫转入地下,或是被暗藏心中;于是,情况就成了这样——左边是愤怒的批评家,右边是愚笨的支持者,而中间,正如平常一样,是大多数诚挚的人们,努力追求着成功。据此可知,作者认为人们应该大胆、公开地追求自己的理想。B项与文章的意思相符,因此B项为正确答案。