单选题

{{B}}What is Market?{{/B}}
The word market is used in a number of ways. There is a stock market and automobile market, a retail market for furniture and a wholesale market for furniture. One person may be going to the market; another may plan to market a product. What, then is a market? A market may be defined as a place where buyers and sellers meet, goods or services are offered for sale, and transfers of ownership occur. A market may also be defined as the demand made by a certain group of potential buyers for a good or service. For instance, there is a farm market for petroleum products. The terms market and demand are often used interchangeably; they, may also be used jointly as market demand.
These definitions are not sufficiently precise to be useful to us here. For business purposes we define a market as people or organizations with wants (needs) to satisfy, money to spend, and the willingness to spend it. Thus in the market demand for any given product or service, there are three factors to consider — people or organizations with wants (needs), their purchasing power, and their buying behavior.
We shall employ the dictionary definition of needs: the lack of anything that is required, desired, or useful. We do not limit needs to the narrow physiological requirements of food, clothing and shelter essential for survival. In our discussion the words and wants are used synonymously and interchangeably. In a strict interpretation, however, needs would refer to such basic physiological requirements as food, clothing, and shelter, while wants would be such basic preferences. However, in our affluent society, little is to be gained by trying to differentiate between the two. Many of us would see as needs some items that are far beyond food, clothing, and shelter.

单选题 Market can be classified according to what is sold on a market and how goods are sold.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 问题句说“市场可以根据市场上出售的商品类别和商品怎样被出售来进行分类。”这道题借助常识判断应该是正确的。也可在原文中确认答案，答案查找线索词：classify(分类)和goods(商品)或与它们相近的表达方式。并依据常识(第一题的答案往往蕴涵在文章的开头部分)在第一段中查找。原文中似乎并没直接提及“市场的分类与商品的关系”，但该段的段首句提到了“市场这个词有多种用法。”该句表明该段将论述有关市场的一些定义，而且在该句后的一个句子是有关“市场”的一些例子，该句说“有股票市场、汽车市场、家具的零售和批发市场”，不难发现该句正与问题句说法相符。(注意：有时考题会考察考生对原文中的一些语句的总结概括的能力。)

单选题 Sellers prefer the term "market" while buyers prefer "demand".

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 问题句说“买方喜欢用demand这个词，而卖方喜欢用market这个词。”答案查找线索词：market(市场)，demand(需求)，seller(卖方)和buyer(买方)。第一段的最后一句话涉及到了“市场”和“需求”的关系，但只是说“这两个词经常交换使用，也可以合在一块表述‘市场需求’。”在该段的倒数第3句中也提到了market， demand和buyer但也没说到谁喜欢哪个词的问题，所以答案为“没提到”。

单选题 The definition of market for business purposes involves three factors: buyers, sellers, and goods and services.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 问题句说“从商务的角度来定义的市场包括三个因素：买方、卖方、商品和服务。”答案查找线索词：for business purposes(从商务的角度)和factors(因素)。在第2段的第2句中发现了 for business purposes，并在其后面的一句中发现了factors，不难发现原文中说市场的三个因素是“有需求的个人和组织”，“他们的购买力”和“他们的购买行为”，而不是问题句中所说的那三个因素。所以这种说法错误。

单选题 The definition of market for business purpose focuses on purchasers.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 问题句说“从商务的角度来定义的市场关注购买者。”答案查找线索词：for business purposes(从商务的角度)，不难看山这道题与问题3相关。从原文中涉及的三个因素来看，这个定义所关注的中心是与购买力/需求/行为相关的人，即购买者。

单选题 "Needs" and "wants" mean the game in our discussion.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 问题句说“在我们的讨论中needs和wants具有相同的含义。”答案查找线索词：needs (需求)和wants(需求)在文章中的第2段中不难发现wants(needs)和needs(wants)这样的结构，这样的结构表明needs和wants是等价的。其实文章的最后一段的倒数第2句说“在我们物产丰富的社会中，对wants和needs加以区分是没有意义的。”依此也可判断问题句的说法正确。

单选题 Strictly speaking, "wants" refers to people's emotional needs.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 问题句说“从严格的意义上说，wants指代人们情感的需要。”答案查找线索词：strictly speaking(从严格的意义上说)，wants(需要)，emotional needs(情感的需要)。在最后一段的第4句中有与strictly speaking表达相似的结构：in a strict interpretation(从严格的意义上说)，这表明与答案相关的内容可能就在该句中。很快又在该句中发现了wants，该句对wants是这样论述的：“wants是人们的非基本的偏好。”并没说是“情感的需要”，所以该说法在文章中没有提到。(注意：“错误”和“没提到”之间的判断的依据是：如果问题句的说法不与原文中相关句的说法相矛盾，且在原文中没有直接提到，则可判断该问题句为“没提到”，而只要问题句的说法与原文中的相关句矛盾，则可判断该问题句错误)。