复合题

Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.

Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.

Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.

As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professor unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.

The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.

单选题 What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】作者在文章第一段首句主要论述了当下报刊中宣扬的“教学与研究之间的互相矛盾的关系、许多人过分重视学术研究、教学工作被轻视”等观点，这些都是作者在客观陈述他人观点。该段第二句才是作者的个人观点，即“There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships”。他认为这种企图以“二元法”割裂教学与研究之间的做法有所欠缺，二者之间的关系事实上要复杂的多。 D选项表述符合题意，为正确答案。

单选题 In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because _____.

单选题 According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】根据文章第四段第二句和第三句提到的“The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university … scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels”，换句话说，虽然小学教育启发了许多科学家，研究型大学的教学质量依旧对科学家的培养起到重要作用。许多潜在的科学家可能因为大学教学的失职从而变得默默无闻。作者此处其实是在批判当下某些高效忽视教学任务、过分重视学术成果的做法， B选项表述符合题意。文章中没有对“教学与研究哪一个更重要？ ”这一问题发表意见，由此可排除A、 C选项。文章第四段第四句提到“The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital”，此处作者只是想强调“结合教学与研究”这一任务的困难和必要性，并没有提到它是不可实现的。 D选项表述与事实相反，可排除。因此，正确答案为B选项。

单选题 The title of professor should be given only to those who, first and foremost, do _____.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】文章第四段倒数第二句提到“The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars”，也就是说作者认为教授这一头衔只应该被授予给那些潜心教学的学者们。紧接着，作者又提出，对于那些不想从事教学任务的教师，校方可以称呼他们为“杰出的调查研究员”。由此可知，正确答案为A选项。