填空题 English to Chinese.(西安交通大学2005研,考试科目:基础英语)One of the principal themes of Walzer"s critique of liberal capitalism is that it is insufficiently egalitarian. Walzer"s case against the economic inequality generated by capitalism and in favor of " a radical redistribution of wealth "is presented in a widely cited essay entitled in Defense of Equality.The most striking feature of Walzer"s critique is that far from rejecting the principle of reward according to merit, Walzer insists on its validity. People who excel should receive the superior benefits appropriate to their excellence. But people exhibit a great variety of qualities—"intelligence, physical strength, agility and grace, artistic creative, mechanical skill, leadership, endurance, memory, psychological insight, the capacity for hard work, even moral strength, sensitivity, the ability to express compassion. "Each deserves its proper recompense, and hence a proper distribution of material goods should reflect human differences as measured on all these different scales. Yet under capitalism, the ability to make money("the green thumb of bourgeois society")enables its possessor to acquire almost "every other sort of social good, " such as the respect and esteem of others.
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【正确答案】 1、正确答案: 在沃尔泽对自由资本主义的众多批判之中,一个首要的主题是——这种自由资本主义并不完全平等。沃尔泽反对资本主义体制所导致的经济不平等,并赞成一种“激进的财富重新分配”的观点,他的主张被发表在一篇被广为引用的题为《捍卫平等》的论文中。 沃尔泽的批判中最引人注目的一个特征是,他非但不摒弃“按劳论酬”的原则,反而竭力坚持其有效性。成就卓著的人理应获取与他们成就相当的优厚报酬。但是,人们会展现出许多形形色色、不尽相同的品质——聪慧、强壮的体力、机敏、优雅、富于艺术创造力、拥有某项机械技能、有领导才能、能忍耐、记忆力好、心理洞察力、能胜任较难的工作的能力,甚至是道德能力、敏感性和有同情心等。每一个品质都应该当之无愧地得到它恰如其分的报酬,因此,一种恰当的物质财富的分配应能折射出依据所有这些不同的尺度所反映出的人类差异。然而,在资本主义体制下,赚钱的能力(“资产阶级社会的绿手指”)使其拥有者能获得几乎“其他各种社会利益”,诸如他人的尊敬和仰慕。    
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