【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[听力原文] The history of the cinema in its first thirty years is one of major and, to this day, unparalleled expansion and growth. Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities—New York, London, Paris and Berlin—the new medium quickly found its way across the world, attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so. Meanwhile, films themselves developed from being short 'attractions' only a couple of minutes long, to the full-length feature that has dominated the world's screens up to the present day. Although French, German, American and British pioneers have all been credited with the invention of cinema, the British and the Germans played a relatively small role in its world-wide exploitation. It was above all the French, followed closely by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia. In terms of artistic development, it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead, though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part. In the end, it was the United States that was to become, and remain, the largest single market for films. By protecting their own market and pursuing a vigorous export policy, the Americans achieved a dominant position on the world market by the start of the First World War. The centre of film-making had moved westwards, to Hollywood, and it was films from these new Hollywood studios that flooded onto the world's film markets in the years after the First World War, and have done so ever since. Faced with total Hollywood domination, few film industries proved competitive. The Italian industry almost collapsed. In Scandinavia, the Swedish cinema had a brief period of glory, notably with powerful epic films and comedies. Even the French cinema found itself in a difficult position. In Europe, only Germany proved industrially capable, while in Russia and in Japan the development of the cinema took place in conditions of commercial isolation. According to the talk, which country played a leading role in the invention and promotion of cinema? 讲话中提到：“尽管法国、德国、美国和英国的先锋们都被认为对电影的发明有功，但英国人和德国人在电影走向世界的进程中发挥的作用却相对较小。”由此可排除“英国人”和“德国人”；再结合“法国人在对电影这项新发明在世界范围内的营销推广中起到领头羊的作用，其次是美国人”“就其艺术发展而言，仍然是法国人和美国人一马当先”，可知“法国”和“美国”一直处于领导地位，而选项中没有“美国”，故选C项“法国”。讲话中仅提到法国人和美国人将电影带到“日本”等国家，故排除D项。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[听力原文] According to the talk, what can we learn about the film market back then? 讲话最后部分说明了当时世界电影市场的整体情况。“一战开始前美国人在世界电影市场占据了主导地位”，A项中的a leading position对应原文中的a dominant position，故为正确答案；根据“电影的制作中心西移至好莱坞”，可排除B项；从后面对电影市场的描述可知，其他地区的电影业前景不佳，而仅有的几个发展还不错的市场，也都无法和好莱坞相抗衡，故排除C项；“在俄国和日本，电影业只有在与商业相脱离的情况下才能得以发展”表明俄国和日本的电影市场前景并不光明，排除D项。