单选题 {{B}}Text 2{{/B}}
Overweight has become a problem people all around the world face, and it does not look like it will be solved in the near future regardless of the various efforts from all walks of life. And for those who have a heavier body than they are supposed to, one advice is given repeatedly: eat less and exercise more. This has long been the suggestion for getting rid of those extra pounds. But now it seems that all the hard work may have been in vain. Scientists say there are ten other reasons why people just keep getting bigger.
Scientists claim that sleeping habits, central heating, medicines and even some pollutants can play a role in weight gain. Lack of sleep could be partly to blame. In recent years, the average night's sleep has dropped from nine hours to just seven. Sleep lack changes levels of the hormones that regulate food intake and body fat and increase hunger and appetite.
If it is too hot or too cold, we burn calories to cool down or heat up. But if the temperature is just right, the calories may be turned into body fat instead.
Those who take medicines to control their blood pressure can often put on more weight. Similarly, studies have shown that going on the Pill can add to a woman's weight. Mother Nature may also be to blame, with our body shape being partly determined by our parents. The overweight are also more likely to be associated with partners of a similar size, and their children are more likely to be overweight.
The scientists from Yale, Cornell and Johns Hopkins published their analysis of these findings last week. Their reasoning goes like this:
1. Sleep--Too little increases appetite.
2. Medicine--Many modern medicines lead to us putting on weight.
3. Mother's age--Older women are more likely to have obese children.
4. Giving up smoking--Nicotine suppresses the appetite.
5. Getting older--Weight tends to increase with age.
单选题 What does the author think of the advice "eat less and exercise more"?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】考查作者对文中某个观点的态度。也需要我们在结合对全文核心议题的把握基础上进行解答。文章是在讨论造成肥胖的种种原因,所以首段的内容一定是在为这个中心议题服务的,借此我们就可以判断出A是正确答案;B借用了原文的various一词编造了不存在的观点;C项对原文的“all the hard work may have been in vain”进行了曲解,原文的意思是“运动可能是无效的”,但其背后的原因在于“造成肥胖的原因多种多样”,只有正确的理解这一点才能正确作答,提醒考生在解答任何问题的时候都不能忘记文章的主题,无论选项多么具有迷惑性,只要脱离了文章的主题,都是不能选的;D项的设置在于对原文的repeatedly一词的曲解。
单选题 Which factor is mentioned in paragraph 2?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】考查细节。题干明确告诉我们出题处在原文的第二段,结合选项都在讨论“sleep'’相关的话题这一特征,我们找到第二段进行对比阅读,我们可以发现,原文提到“人们的平均睡眠时间从9小时开始缩减到了小时,睡眠的不足是导致肥胖的部分原因”,与这一点含义相同的选项是B;A项正好与这一信息相反,C项和D项把原文对于人们睡眠减少这一现象的描述进行了泛化的推论,原文只是用数字来描述这一问题,并没有对这些数字表示的具体含义进行说明,C项和D项都脱离原文进行了各自的阐述,都属于干扰选项,需要排除。
单选题 What should be blamed according to the analysis in paragraph 3?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】考查推理。需要我们结合前文分析第三段,首先前面几个段落讨论的问题在第二段的开头处被作者简要的提到了,这些可能造成人的肥胖的因素包括sleeping habits,central heating,medicines and even some pollutants,结合第三段,这里分析围绕体温和外界温度展开,符合这一点的在前文中的最恰当的应该是C项指出的“Central heating system in most workplace”,由于使用了空调,人们不再需要燃烧自己身体储藏的脂肪来维持体温,这在一定程度上造成了脂肪的堆积和肥胖的出现。
单选题 According to paragraph 4, apart from medicines, what is the other factor that causes overweight?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】考查细节。原文第四段开头处提到了医药的使用可能造成肥胖,但题干中要求找出除了医药之外的因素,原文中“with our body shape being partly determined by our parents”这句话表述了此主题:“遗传”可能是造成肥胖的又一个原因。
单选题 Which one of the following is NOT a correct cause-effect analysis?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】考查细节。针对文章最后一段的5个因果分析;A项,B项和D项和原文都是同义改写的关系,C项的分析和原文的分析是相反的;原文认为“吸烟抑制食欲,而戒烟有可能造成肥胖”,这里说“吸烟本身造成肥胖”和原文的分析是完全相反的,是我们应该选择的选项。