问答题 As China"s economy has boomed over the past 30 years, the number of young people going into private business has grown accordingly. "Diving into the sea" of commerce, or xia hai as it is known, became accepted as the way to make money and get ahead, and interest in government jobs declined. Over the past decade, though, in an extraordinary reversal, young jobseekers have been applying in droves for government posts, even as the economy has quadrupled in size.
On November 25th the national civil-service examinations will take place, and about 1.4m people will sit them, 20 times more than a decade ago. Of that number, only 20, 800 will be hired by government (millions more sit the equivalent provincial exams with similarly long odds of being hired). This increase is due in part to a surge in the number of university students entering an intensely competitive market for jobs—nearly 7m graduated this year, compared with 1.5m a decade ago. It is also thanks to health, pension and (sometimes) housing benefits, which are seen as generous and permanent in a society with an underfunded safety net—a modern version of the unbreakable Maoist "iron rice-bowl" of state employment.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】过去30年以来,随着中国经济的快速发展,越来越多的年轻人在求职时走向了私营企业。为了赚钱、出人头地,人们渐渐接受了“下海”这种方式,而对政府职位失去了兴趣。在过去的十年里,中国经济规模翻了两番。然而就在此时,年轻的求职者来了个180℃的大转弯,争先恐后地应聘政府职位。
11月25日,中国将举行国家公务员考试。届时将有约140万人应考,比十年前多了20倍。在这么多考生中仅有20800人将被政府部门录用(此外还有几百万名考生将参加类似的省级公务员考试,录取率也很低——大概和国家级考试录取率相同)。应考人数相比往年有所增加,一部分原因是进入竞争激烈的市场求职的大学生猛增——今年有近700万名大学生毕业,而十年前的毕业生仅为150万人。在医疗、养老和住房(部分情况下)方面,公务员还享有种种福利,这也是应考人数增加的原因。在毛泽东时代,政府公职是摔不坏的“铁饭碗”。而当今中国社保资金不足,在人们眼中,公务员享受的这些丰厚、稳定的福利无疑也是一只“铁饭碗”。 [解析] "Diving into the sea" of commerce, or xia hai as it is known, became accepted as the way to make money and get ahead, and interest in government jobs declined.
“diving into the sea”一词表达的意思和后文中“xia hai”相同。翻译时可不必再重复阐释这个词组,因为中文读者对“下海”一词已较为熟悉。此外,这句话中的“get ahead”就是“跑在别人前边,获得巨大成功”的意思,参考译文使用了“出人头地”这一成语表达很贴切。
为了赚钱、出人头地,人们渐渐接受了“下海”这种方式,而对政府职位失去了兴趣。
Over the past decade,though, in an extraordinary reversal, young jobseekers have been applying in droves for government posts, even as the economy has quadrupled in size.
这句话描述了一个奇怪的现象:虽然中国经济增长了,但是下海的人少了,人们更多地选择去政府机关求职。原文将“经济增长”这一前提放在了句子的后面,但是中文习惯将“奇怪的现象”放在句子的前面,因此参考译文将两部分的位置调换了,更符合泽文读者的阅读习惯。“extraordinary reversal”的含义是“发生了巨大的逆转”,参考译文译为“来了个180°的大转弯”,非常形象,也符合原文所要表达的含义。这里体现出了灵活性在翻译中的重要性。
在过去的十年里,中国经济规模翻了两番。然而就在此时,年轻的求职者来了个180°的大转弯,争先恐后地应聘政府职位。
On November 25th the national civil-service examinations will take place, and about 1.4m people will sit them. 20 times more than a decade ago.
原句字面意思是“公务员考试将发生”,但是这样的表达不符合中文的习惯,参考译文将其转换为“中国将举行国家公务员考试”,将句子的主语转换为了“中国”。“sit”除了我们常见的“坐”的含义外,在加上“考试”这一宾语时,还有“参加考试”的含义。
11月25日,中国将举行国家公务员考试。届时将有约140万人应考,比十年前多了20倍。
It is also thanks to health, pension and (sometimes) housing benefits, which are seen as generous and permanent in a society with an underfunded safety net—a modern version of the unbreakable Maoist “iron rice-bowl” of state employment.
这句话中的修饰成分较多,翻译时需要将其理清楚。这句话是在向读者介绍发生这样的逆转的原因所在,按照中文的表达习惯,可将这句话分为两部分:一部分着重介绍原因;另一部分则介绍背景等其他信息。英文虽然结构简单但是信息量较大,因此翻译时可以转变某些词语的性质,也可以将某些难以阐释的词语译为简单的单句。
在医疗、养老和住房(部分情况下)方面,公务员还享有种种福利,这也是应考人数增加的原因。在毛泽东时代,政府公职是摔不坏的“铁饭碗”。而当今中国社保资金不足,在人们眼中,公务员享受的这些丰厚、稳定的福利无疑也是一只“铁饭碗”。