单选题 The intelligence tests used most often today are based on the work of a Frenchman, Alfred Binet. In 1905, Binet was asked by the French Ministry of Education to develop a way to identify those children in French schools who were too "mentally deficient" to benefit from ordinary schooling and who needed special education. The tests had to distinguish those who were merely behind in school from those who were actually mentally deficient.
The items that Binet and his colleague Theophile Simon included in the test were chosen on the basis of their ideas about intelligence. Binet and Simon believed intelligence includes such abilities as understanding the meaning of words, solving problems, and making common-sense judgements. Two other important assumptions also shaped Binet"s and Simon"s work: (1) that children with more intelligence will do better in school and (2) that older children have a greater ability than younger children.
Binet"s first test consisted of thirty tasks. They were simple things most children learn as a result of their everyday experiences. The tasks were arranged in groups, according to age. Binet decided which tasks were appropriate for a given age group by giving them first to a large number of children of different ages. If more than half of the children of a given age passed a test, it was considered appropriate for that age group.
单选题 The main purpose of this passage is to ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】本题问本文的写作目的是什么。通读全文,我们可以总结出本文的大意,作者主要介绍了智力测验的起源和发展过程。因此,本题的正确答案应是D“本文的写作目的是为了介绍智力测验的起源”。
单选题 What was the purpose of the intelligence test designed by Alfred Binet in 1905?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题是一道具体细节题。问1905年阿尔福莱德·比奈设计的智力测验的目的是什么。利用查阅式阅读法,我们可以在文章的第一段中找到相关信息。这段指出,1905年,比奈应法国教育部的要求,设计出一种方法,用于在法国学校里找出那些脑力过于不济,而无从在一般学校受益,需要特殊教育的儿童。这些测试应能把那些只是学习成绩落后者与实质上脑力不济者加以区分。因此,本题的正确答案应是A“目的是确定那些需要特殊教育的儿童”。
单选题 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】本题是一道判断是非题。问根据文章内容,下面哪个说法是不正确的。针对四个选项,利用查阅式阅读法,结合原文中相关的部分,我们可以推断出B“法国教育部负责开发了第一种智力测验”,这种说法与文章第一段中“1905年,比奈应法国教育部的要求,设计出一种方法,用于在法国学校里找出那些脑力过于不济,而无从在一般学校受益,需要特殊教育的儿童”表达的信息不符。因此,本题的正确答案应是B。
单选题 How did Binet decide which tasks to include on his first test?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本题是一道具体细节题。问比奈是怎样决定在他设计的第一个智力测验中要包括哪些内容的。利用查阅式阅读法,我们可以在文章的第三段中找到相关信息。这段指出,比奈的第一项测试包含30个测试题目,它们都是些大多数孩子在日常经历中所学的很简单的事情。这些题目根据年龄分为若干组。比奈首先让不同年龄的好多孩子们答题,以便确定哪些题目适用于某一特定的年龄组。如果某一特定年龄组的多半儿童通过测试,那么就认为这一测试适合于该年龄组。因此,本题的正确答案应是C“他先不考虑孩子的年龄而让许多孩子来回答所有的问题”。
单选题 In the passage, the description of Binet"s intelligence test is developed in the order of ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】本题考查对文章结构的把握。问本文对比奈的智力测验的叙述是按什么顺序来写的。文章首先在第一段中介绍了智力测验的设计目的,然后在第二段中讲到了智力测验所测试的项目和假设,第三段介绍了试验的对象、过程和要完成的工作。因此,本题的正确答案应是D。