It is a movement building steady momentum; a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. A spirit of openness is gaining traction in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a "crisis" in science whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. Furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends. The open-data shift poses a conundrum for junior researchers, who are carving out their niche. On the one hand, the drive to share is gathering official steam. Since 2013, global scientific bodies—including the European Commission, the U. S. Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Global Research Council—have begun to back policies that support increased public access to research. On the other hand, scientists disagree about how much and when they should share data, and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems. As more journals and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as agrowing number of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers. One key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable. They must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration proposal from those who are wary of—or unfamiliar with—open science. And they must learn how to capitalize on the movement's benefits, such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals. And although there is a time cost associated with uploading and organizing raw data, subsequent queries can often be averted by adding reader-friendly instructions at the start. Hogg recommends that researchers simultaneously upload tutorials and examples of how to use the content. In the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early-career researcher to garner recognition—a crucial component of success. "The thing you are searching for is reputation," says Titus Brown, a genomics researcher at the University of California, Davis. "To get grants and jobs, you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. Anything you do that advances your presence—especially in a larger sphere, outside the communities you know—is a net win."

单选题 It is generally believed that data sharing

单选题 The reaction of junior researchers to the trend seems to be

单选题 To embrace the change, it is crucial that young scientists

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：(1)题干中的the change指的是“科研中数据分享的做法”，it is crucial that显然是作者表述的某种观点。换言之，是作者给年轻科学家提出的建议。出处定位在第5段。(2)根据文章，“年轻科学家应该学会开放，而又不容易受到伤害”(第5段：open，vulnerable)，“一方面，他们必须确定风险”(第5段：determine the risk)，“另一方面，必须利用这场变革带来的好处”(第5段：capitalize，benefits)。(3)而关于这场变革的benefit在第1段就已经提及。综合这些信息，确定选项[D]为最佳答案。

单选题 According to the author, uploading raw materials is advisable in that

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：(1)uploading(上传)出现在第6段，因此出处就定位在该段。另外，需要理解题干的准确要求，即“(年轻研究者)得到的建议是上传一些原始资料，其原因是……”(2)根据文章，“开始时就增添一些让读者容易使用的指导”(第6段：reader—friendly instructions)，“Hogg建议，研究者上传一些指导手册和范例，以便使用”(第6段：upload)。(3)词缀friendly的英文意思为easy for sb．to understand，appreciate or use。综合这些内容，确定选项[A]为最佳答案。