Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET.
Threats from nomadic people in the north were {{U}}(31) {{/U}} throughout Chinese history. They were continually attacking the Chinese northern {{U}}(32) {{/U}} . With each new emperor, came endless debate about how to {{U}} (33) {{/U}} the barbarians. There were four options: {{U}}(34) {{/U}} offensive campaigns to drive them away or to destroy them; create defensive garrisons; develop diplomatic and {{U}}(35) {{/U}} ties with them, or build a wall to keep them out.
All the options were {{U}}(36) {{/U}} at various times. Experience showed that {{U}}(37) {{/U}} campaigns were too costly and very risky, {{U}}(38) {{/U}} defensive garrisons could not respond quickly enough {{U}}(39) {{/U}} lightning attacks along a long border. The third option would seem to be a very {{U}}(40) {{/U}} one and it was in fact tried successfully {{U}}(41) {{/U}} a couple of occasions. Wall building became the most favored option in many dynasties. The three dynasties which {{U}}(42) {{/U}} the most walls were the Qin, the Han and the Ming.
The effectiveness of the Great Wall in history is still a controversial {{U}}(43) {{/U}} Historical records show that the wall {{U}}(44) {{/U}} at many times {{U}}(45) {{/U}} repel invaders. Only on two occasions when a dynasty weakened from {{U}}(46) {{/U}} were invaders from the north {{U}}(47) {{/U}} advance and conquer. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} , scholars think the Chinese wall builders were themselves responsible for the unrest on the border. The nomads were people who did not farm, so they {{U}}(49) {{/U}} trade with China for many essentials. When the Chinese refused to trade with them, they had no option {{U}}(50) {{/U}} raid border towns.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】形容词辨析题。constant意为“经常的,始终如一的”,第二句中的continually attacking是对首句的进一步说明,属于语义复现,故答案为[B]。continuous意为“连续不断的”,强调连续性,用在此处不符合常识;instant意为“立即的,刻不容缓的”;urgent意为“紧急的,急迫的”。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】名词辨析题。borders意为“边境”;boundary意为“边境线,国境线”。两者的区别在于前者可指“边界线附近地区”,而后者指那条线,从句意判断,游牧民族骚扰的是区域,故选择 [C]。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】短语辨析题。deal with意为“对付,应付”;do with意为“以……对付过去,利用”;do away with意为“废除,结束”;put up with意为“容忍”。从option后给出的内容看,这里提及的不仅是如何安抚游牧民族,还包括如何打击他们,只有deal with涵盖了各个方面内容,故为答案。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】动词辨析题。initiate意为“投起,发动”;operate意为“操纵”,该词不能与campaigns搭配使用;bunt意为“突然发生”,为不及物动词,后面不可接宾语;begin可以用作及物动词和不及物动词,但此处不能与campaigns搭配,故答案为[C]。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】形容词辨析题。economical意为“经济的,节约的”,指费用的节约;hypocritical意为“伪善的”;historical意为“历史的”;economil意为“经济上的”,与前面diplomatil构成并列关系,故答案为[B]。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】动词辨析题。favor意为“喜爱”,这里的favored与该段倒数第二句中的favored构成词汇复现。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】语义衔接题。因为本段是对前面option的进一步说明,前文出现过offensive campaigns,这里需要用相同的表达,意为“发动攻势”,故答案为[A]。 defensive意为“防御的”,与offensive语义相反,为下文出现的内容;protective意为“保护的,防卫的”;defensible意为“可防卫的,有理由可辩解的”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】语义逻辑题。本题前后内容分别说明offensive campaigns和defensive garrisons的不足之处,while表示转折,前后两句形成对比,符合此处语义逻辑关系。when引导时间状语;as可表示时间,也可表示因果关系;although表示让步关系,这三项均不符合本句逻辑关系。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】固定搭配题。respond to为固定搭配,意为“对……做出反应”,其他几项不能与respond搭配使用。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】形容词辨析题。rational意为“理性的”,此句意为“第三种选择不失为一种理性的选择,而且确实有几次被成功地试用过”。national意为“国家的,全国的”;traditional意为“传统的”;optional意为“可选择的,任意的”,均不符合题意。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】固定搭配题。on…occasions为固定搭配,意为“在……场合中”,occasion不与其他三个介词搭配使用。
单选题 [Al built [B] were building [C] have been building [D] were built
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】动词时态题。修建长城发生在过去,此处应该用动词过去时主动态,故答案为[A],此句意为“有三个朝代修建长城最多,它们是秦朝、汉朝和明朝。”
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】名词辨析题。issue意为“争端,争论的问题”,从句中的controversial可以看出这里用issue最合适。affair意为“事务,事件”,current affairs(时事);topic意为“题目,话题”,指用于讨论的话题;problem指需要解决的问题。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】动词时态题。此句的谓语动词repel是动词原形,此处显然不能填has或had,应为表示强调的助动词do。因为是历史上已发生的事,所以选用其过去时did, 除does。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】副词辨析题。peacefully“和平地”;surprisingly“令人吃惊地”;vainly“徒然地”,都不符合文意。此句意为“历史纪录显示,长城多次成功地逼退了入侵者”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】固定搭配题。from within意为“自内部,从里面”,weakened from within(=from inside)意为“从内部削弱”。from outside意为“来自外部”;没有from between这个搭配;from under意为“由底部”,这三项均不合文意。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】短语辨析题。此句为only on two occasions置于句首的部分倒装句,主语invaders from the north前有动词were。liable to意为“容易……的”;prone to意为“倾向于……”,这两项不符合该处语境。[B]和[D]含义相同,但be capable of后要接续动名词doing sth. ,因此只有be able to合适。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】语义逻辑题。前文讲述长城的积极作用,后文引出不同的观点,“学者们认为中国长城的建设者们本身应为边境的不安宁负责”,所以应选择表示转折的词however。其他选项 therefore表结果,besides和moreover都表示递进。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】动词短语辨析题。depend on意为“依靠,依赖”,此句意为“游牧民族不耕作,因此他们依赖与中原的贸易来获得生活必需品。”其他选项demand of意为“索取,向……要求”,通常用在demand sb.of sth.这一结构中;work out意为“可以解决,计算出”;cope with意为“处理”。
单选题 [A] rather than [B] other than
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】短语辨析题。but to意为“只有,除了”,此句意为“当中国拒绝与他们作贸易时,他们除了袭击边境城镇外别无选择”。rather than意为“与其……不如……”;other than意为“除了,不同于”;only to用于表示出乎意外的结果。