单选题
Consider two markets: One has a Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) of
300, while the other has a four-firm concentration ratio equal to 15%. Which of
the following statements most accurately describes these two markets?
- A. Both markets are highly competitive.
- B. The market with the HHI equal to 300 is very competitive, while the other
market has a low degree of competition.
- C. The market with the HHI equal to 300 has a low degree of competition,
while the other market is highly competitive.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] Herfindahl-Hirschman指数(HHI)是指行业中最大的50家厂商的市场份额百分比的平方和。如果特定行业中的厂商总数少于50家，则该指数为行业中所有厂商的市场份额百分比平方和。根据上述定义，我们不难证明，竞争型行业的HHI值较低，而垄断型行业的HHI值则较高。如果特定行业的HHI值介于1000～1800之间，则意味着该行业的竞争程度适中，而HHI值高于1800的行业则表明该行业缺乏竞争性。
四厂商集中度是指行业中最大的4家厂商销售份额在行业总销售份额中所占的百分比。在完全竞争行业中，该指标接近于0；在垄断行业中，该指标则为100%。一般来讲，如果特定市场(行业)的四厂商集中度低于40%，则表明该市场属于竞争型市场；如果该指标高于60%，则表明该市场属于垄断型市场。
由上述分析及题目已知条件可以确定，两市场均具有很高的竞争性，本题的正确选项为A。