【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[听力原文]

Professor: Today I want to discuss a sensitive issue about using animals for scientific research. I"m sure some of you feel it"s cruel to use animals for experimental purposes and I"m also certain that some of you think it"s necessary because the results benefit humankind. Well, in my opinion, both sides are correct, but it"s hard to sit on the fence with an issue like this.
Student A: Ma"am, I read an article that stated that around 2.6 million animals are used for experimental purposes in Britain each year and that about 1.6 million are mice and a half million are rats. I find these numbers shockingly high.
Student B: Yes, the numbers are high, but think of all the human lives that some of these experiments have saved.
Professor: You see, class; this is not a cut and dried issue. Let"s take our time and take a look at what some of the experts say. Some zoologists and microbiologists have put forth a "Three R Solution" to this debate: replacement, reduction and refinement.
Student C: I"m sorry, I"m not following you.
Professor: Let me explain further. They suggest that we use alternative methods to experiment on animals such as in vitro or experimenting using cells instead of animals. This is our first R, replacement. The second R is reduction and they propose that statistics are used in order to reduce the amount of animals used in research. The final R is refinement and that, in a nutshell, means improving the experiment so we can reduce the suffering the animals go through. These alternative methods come with a price as they are not cheap. Governments of different countries need to spend a lot of money on research facilities in order to use these alternative methods of research.
Student A: I know it must cost the government a lot of money to fund these alternative methods, but I still don"t understand how these alternative methods can save animals from being used or tortured during an experiment.
Professor: Let"s walk through some examples of alternative methods together. First, in order to reduce animal deaths, poison testing, which was done on as many as 200 animals such as rats and dogs at a time, has been banned. Moreover, if an experiment causes the deaths of three animals, the experiment must be stopped. We can reduce the number of animals exposed to torture by using statistical techniques using patient data to understand how a disease spreads rather than using animals.
Student B: So does that mean they don"t use any animals during the testing period nowadays?
Professor: No, that"s not what I mean. Bear in mind that I said reduce, not completely do away with animal testing. While we"re talking about reducing the amount of animals being tested on and tortured, did you know that in Canada, many tests are being done on fish? Can anyone tell me why?
Student C: Because Canada has a lot of fish?
Professor: No, but that"s a funny guess. Let"s take pain into account. Since we want to reduce the amount of pain, researchers in Canada are using fish because they are less likely to suffer the sensations of pain. At the same time, they are trying to use bacteria for tests rather than rats. In Germany, researchers found that if rats and mice respond negatively to an experiment, further experiments would not be conducted on dogs, thereby reducing the number of dogs being tested on by 70%. Another method used to reduce the need for animal tests while still checking a vaccine before it"s used on humans is to test the vaccine on cells rather than on animals. In the past, thousands of monkeys would be used to test a vaccine and now they only need a handful because researchers use kidney cells from the monkeys. Keep in mind that cells can now be artificially manufactured and used in tests, so some experiments that used to use rabbits to test new skin products can be eliminated.
Student A: What about computers? Can"t we use them to help us predict what might happen during an experiment?
Professor: Excellent point. You"re really keeping up with the latest information. New technologies such as scanners and computer models have been developed to simulate an animal"s response, thereby eliminating the need to use animals.
Student A: Is it too much to ask for a complete elimination of all animal testing?
Professor: Let"s keep our fingers crossed that one day we won"t need to use animals. Right now, researchers are trying to cut down on their suffering and perhaps one day totally reduce the need to use animals.

[解析] 讲座的主体部分贯穿着“3R解决方案”，可见教授主要讲了为减少动物实验而使用的方法。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[听力原文]
Student A: Ma"am, I read an article that stated that around 2.6 million animals are used for experimental purposes in Britain each year and that about 1.6 million are mice and a half million are rats. I find these numbers shockingly high.
Student B: Yes, the numbers are high, but think of all the human fives that some of these experiments have saved. What can be inferred about the students?

[解析] 女生说“I find these numbers shockingly high.”可见她认为动物实验进行得太多，这很让人震惊，而男生又说动物实验很有必要(由他所说的“动物实验拯救人类生命”可推出)。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 3R的内容是replacement，reduction以及refinement。

【答案解析】

	禁止或中断	使用其他动物或使 用其他动物的资料	使用细胞
对动物进行有毒实验	*
疫苗实验			*
在加拿大，对大量动物做的实验		*
在德国对狗进行的实验		*

[解析] 由教授所说的poison testing...has been banned可知对于动物的有毒实验被禁止了；由教授说的test the vaccine on cells rather than on animals可知检测疫苗不再使用动物而是使用细胞；由researchers in Canada are using fish可知在加拿大使用鱼做实验；由...would not be conducted on dogs可知在德国利用老鼠做实验结果来减少用狗做实验的次数。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] “some experiments that used to use rabbits to test new skin products can be eliminated”从这句话中可以找到答案。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] “Since we want to reduce the amount of pain, researchers in Canada are using fish because they are less likely to suffer the sensations of pain.”从这句话中可以找到答案。