单选题 More young Americans have become better educated. This reflects a     26    in the labor market, which has increasingly rewarded post-secondary education. At the same time, the economy has seen a decrease in well-paid manual labor that required skills learned on the job or in trade schools. The shift to a more service-oriented economy means universities and colleges have     27    trade schools and apprenticeships.
    On the one hand that is good because it makes the American labor force better educated. Theoretically, it should also increase meritocracy (精英教育). Much of the income.     28    in America can be explained by the earning differential between college and non-college graduates. As more people attend university, income differences should be reduced. But as university education becomes more widely     29    , should curricula change? Between labor-market demand and innate ability, probably only a fraction of the population benefit     30    from doing so.
    On the other hand, America     31    from title inflation. A university degree is now a prerequisite (必要条件) to middle-class membership. Rather than just being     32    of education, it is also an expensive and time-consuming signal. The high rate of entrance examination masks a grave problem. Dropping out of university is at     33    levels, especially among low-income Americans. Starting but not finishing a degree     34    in a considerable loss of time and money. Many poor students drop out not just because of cost, but because they find themselves unprepared and frustrated. Offering more practical degrees could be part of the solution to this problem, though it is not a     35    solution.
    A. available                  I. equaled
    B. consists                    J. proof
    C. conversely                  K. replaced
    D. decrease                    L. results
    E. delicate                    M. shift
    F. difference                  N. suffers
    G. economically                O. sufficient
    H. epidemic
问答题    
 
【正确答案】M
【答案解析】本空应填名词。空前的a提示,所填词只能是可数名词的单数形式,并且以辅音音素开头。故应从D项decrease,F项difference,J项proof和M项shift中选择。再根据后面提到的劳动力市场方面的变化可知,所填词应是本段最后一句中shift的同义复现或原词复现,故答案为M项shift。
问答题    
 
【正确答案】K
【答案解析】本空应填动词的过去分词。空格前的have意为“有”时不符合此处语义,故推测所填词与have一起构成现在完成时,从I项equaled和K项replaced中选择。结合第1段最后两句可知,经济中待遇优厚的体力劳动者(那些所需技能可以从工作中或职业学校学得的人)已有所减少,这就意味着大学或学院会取代职业学院或学徒制度,故答案为K项replaced。
问答题    
 
【正确答案】F
【答案解析】本空应填名词。根据空格所在句中的explained bv the earning differential和后一句中的income differences的提示可知,所填词应是differential或differences的原词复现或同义复现,故答案为F项difference。
问答题    
 
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】本空应填形容词。空前已有系动词becomes,且空前有副词,所以该空只能填形容词。空格所在句前一句提到,越来越多的人上大学,即大学教育的普及面越来越广,更容易获得,所以所填词应具有“获得;得到”的含义,故答案为A项available。
问答题    
 
【正确答案】G
【答案解析】本空应填副词。分析句子结构可知,句子结构完整,所以应填一个副词修饰benefit,故从C项conversely和G项economically中选择。前面一直在说教育水平与收入差距之间的关系,因此改变课程也应该和收入相关,故答案为G项economically。
问答题    
 
【正确答案】N
【答案解析】本空应填动词。根据整篇文章的时态可知,空格处应填一个第三人称单数形式的动词,所填词还要能与from连用,从L项results和N项suffers中选择,再根据二者与from连用的意思可知,答案为N项suffers,句意为美国遭受着头衔泛滥之苦。result from意为“起因于”,不能使文意通顺,故排除。
问答题    
 
【正确答案】J
【答案解析】本空应填名词、形容词或分词。所填词要能与of搭配。根据后句中also的提示可知,所填词应和signal表示相同或相近的含义,故答案为J项proof。
问答题    
 
【正确答案】H
【答案解析】本空应填形容词或名词。所填词修饰levels。根据空格所在句后半句中提到的“尤其是在低收入的美国人中”及后面提到的“许多贫困的学生辍学”可知,大学中的辍学现象是很普遍的,故答案为H项epidemic。
问答题    
 
【正确答案】L
【答案解析】本空应填动词。所填词应能和in搭配使用且为第三人称单数,从B项consists和L项results中选择,consist in意为“存在于”,result in意为“导致;结果是”。再根据空格前提到开始攻读学位却未完成该学位,空后提到浪费大量时间和金钱可知,二者之间应该是因果关系,故答案为L项results。
问答题    
 
【正确答案】O
【答案解析】本空应填形容词。空格所在句是though引导的让步状语从句,主句中说提供一些更实用的学位可以解决部分问题,由though可知应填入与前句表示相对或相反的词才能使文意通顺,并且由空前的a可知所填形容词要以辅音音素开头,故答案为O项sufficient。