填空题 Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not. Guesses that petroleum is formed by the transformation of highly compressed organic material is already well known among the scientific community. If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present exploration methods would need extensive modification. Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas, admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. The Russian State Oil Company is under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to the test every claim to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique. There are many examples of the previous case, and some scientists argue that drilling according to a set of scientific data has the same outcome as drilling randomly. Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and production. Leaving aside atypical (t~) enterprises, petroleum exploration now involves integrated teams of people possessing a wide range of professional skills. These skills include deep knowledge of local social situations, which is involved in the purchase of potential oil fields especially in developing countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in collecting data that helps people decide where drilling is most appropriate. Petroleum engineering is concerned with activities related to the most effective way of producing crude oil and natural gas.