填空题 {{B}}Part C{{/B}}
In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) {{U}}he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations{{/U}}. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) {{U}}He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics{{/U}}. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was if that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) {{U}}On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning{{/U}}. This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. NO one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree." (49) {{U}}He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully{{/U}}."
Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: "Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music." (50) {{U}}Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character{{/U}}.
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【答案解析】他认为或许正因为(语言表达上的)这种困难,他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过长时间的认真思考,从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误,结果这反而成为他的优点。 [分析] 本句带有典型的宾语从句,从句中使用了一个may have had的虚拟语气的语法现象。翻译的难点在于一个词组:compensating advantage,如果直译成“补偿性优势”显得不知所云,因此可以采取分译法,即:可以弥补缺陷,获得优势。
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【答案解析】他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限,由此他也认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。 [分析] 本句带有典型的宾语从句,宾语从句中套有由for which引导的非限定性定语从句,而该定语从句中又带有一个宾语从句:felt that...。一有一个习惯用语:train of thought表示“思维”。
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【答案解析】另一方面,某些人批评他虽然善于观察,却不具备推理能力,而他认为这种说法也是缺乏根据的。 [分析] 本题中带有一个同位语从句that while...reasoning修饰charge. 但是本句真正的难点在于:accept as well founded the charge的理解问题。这是英语中常见的宾语后置现象,其实还原以后是:accept the charge as well founded即:认为该指责是有根据的。由于宾语charge后面带有made引导的过去分词做后置定语以及由that引导的同位语从句,导致把整个宾语从原来的位置直接移到句尾起到突出作用。
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【答案解析】他又自谦地说,或许自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物,并对其加以仔细观察方面优于常人”。 [分析] 本句依然是宾语从句套定语从句结构,宾语从句由that引导,定语从句由which引导。一个习惯用语:the common run of men就是指普通人。本题难度不大。
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【答案解析】达尔文确信,没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣,而且可难会有损于一个人的思维能力,更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。 [分析] 本题的主干结构是be convinced that引导的宾语从句,从句中使用了not only... but...的递进结构。