单选题 The U.S. and China don’t agree on much these days. Germany and France share a border and a currency but are frequently at odds. The U.K. and India like to march to their own drum. But there’s one issue on which all these countries see eye to eye: Technology companies are too big, too powerful, and too profitable. And that power is only likely to intensify, leaving governments with no choice but to confront it head-on by taking the companies to court, passing new competition laws, and perhaps even breaking up the tech giants. China is the latest to implement an anti-trust crackdown, unveiling anti-monopoly rules last month. The draft rules followed the surprise suspension of a $37 billion stock offering by billionaire Jack Ma’s Ant Group Co., making clear that no company can evade the government’s regulation. The moves in China coincide with accelerating efforts in the U.S. and Europe to rein in Amazon.com, Apple, Facebook, and Google. "The big get bigger and bigger but without being better," says Andreas Schwab, a German member of the European Parliament who championed a 2014 resolution to break up Google. "Growing economic power, growing influence on local markets all over the world, and a growing concern of competitors and consumers altogether have made it happen now." In this new anti-trust era, the old focus on pricing power no longer applies, because several of the biggest tech companies have established trillion-dollar monopolies by charging consumers next to nothing. Tech giants are increasingly assuming powerful positions in banking, finance, advertising, retail, and other markets that force smaller businesses to rely on their platforms to reach customers. For years, Europe alone confronted the power of digital giants. Governments were alarmed that European companies were failing to match Silicon Valley’s innovations or to stop Google and Facebook from vacuuming up personal data and, with that, advertising revenue. Led by Margrethe Vestager, the European Union’s competition chief, countries have sought to police the market and encourage fair play. In China the crackdown has been driven at least partly by fear that the homegrown tech industry is becoming too powerful. The country has long championed Alibaba and Tencent, but their massive accumulation of data on the Chinese citizenry is a growing concern for Beijing. In the U.S., a new breed of anti-trust experts argues that consideration should be given to privacy, control over data, workers’ rights, and the overall impact on smaller companies. And the public in general have grown increasingly skeptical of social media companies. More than 60％ say the sector has a negative effect on the country, and almost half want more regulation for social media, according to a 2020 Pew Research Center study.
单选题 What does the author say is the issue all major economic powers have to address?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据题干信息词issue all major economic powers可将答案线索定位至第一段第四句，issue是原词复现，all major economic powers对应原文的all these countries。第一段开头提及各国之间现在分歧不断，随之话锋一转引出本文主题：“但是，所有这些国家在一个问题上的意见都是一致的：科技公司规模太大、影响力太强、利润太高，而且这种影响力只可能增强，让政府别无选择，只能正面对抗：将这些公司告上法庭，通过新的竞争法案，甚至可能会拆分科技巨头。”这里提到的三种方法都是为了防止科技公司形成垄断，因此D项正确。A、B两项原文没有提及，C项只是反垄断措施中的一种，故均排除。
单选题 What does the suspension of Ant Group Co.’s stock offering suggest?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据题干信息词suspension of Ant Group Co.’s stock offering suggest将答案线索定位至原文第二段第二句。第二段提及中国也开始实施反垄断打击，并以蚂蚁集团暂停股票发行为例进行说明。根据第二句“蚂蚁集团意外暂停了370亿美元的股票发行，随后反垄断条例草案出台，明确了任何公司都不能逃避政府的监管”，可知选项C正确。文中未提及蚂蚁集团企图逃避监管或者垄断销售，排除A、B两项。D项无中生有，也排除。
单选题 How are smaller companies impacted by tech giants’ business expansion?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据题干信息词smaller companies可将答案线索定位至第四段。smaller companies对应原文的smaller businesses。第四段最后一句提到“科技巨头在银行、金融、广告、零售和其他市场越来越占据强势地位，迫使规模较小的企业依靠其平台接触客户”，即小型企业只能通过科技巨头的平台来开展业务，A项符合题意。B、C两项原文均未提及。D项利用了原文的信息设置干扰，第四段第一句提到“在这个新的反垄断时代，过去对定价权的关注不再适用”，即过去的垄断企业有定价权，通过高额售价获取超级多的利润，与现在小型企业是否有权力为自己的产品定价无关，故排除。
单选题 What have EU countries done to confront the power of digital giants?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干信息词EU countries和confront the power of digital giants可以将答案线索定位到第五段。第五段开头提及“多年来，仅欧洲在与数字巨头的力量对抗”。最后一句提及“在欧盟竞争事务专员玛格丽特.维斯塔格的带领下，各国一直在设法监管市场并鼓励公平竞争”。B项与原文相符，为正确选项。原文未提及欧盟各国对数字巨头的广告实施了严格监管，A项排除。原文未提及欧盟各国对数字巨头的产品限制销售，而且限制销售不属于公平竞争，C项排除。原文虽提及谷歌和脸书收集个人数据，但并未提及欧盟各国设法保护消费者的隐私，D项排除。
单选题 What do Americans generally think of social media companies according to the author?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据题干信息词Americans generally think of social media companies将答案线索定位到最后一段。最后一段介绍了美国的情况。第二句提及“总的来说，公众对社交媒体公司的疑心越来越重”。C项与原文相符，为正确答案。A项看似正确，但原文未明确提及，故排除。B项在文中有体现，但这不是美国民众对社交媒体公司的看法，故排除。最后一段第三句提及，有研究表明近一半的人希望对社交媒体进行更多监管，但未表明它们正逐渐失控，D项夸大事实，故排除。
单选题 What is the popular assumption about international tourism?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词popular assumption和international tourism，答案线索可以定位于文章第一段。文章首段首句提到，国际旅游得益于大众航空旅行的可及性. 越来越普及；紧接着第二句提到，人们认为旅游有助于个人成长和旅游地国家及城市的经济发展；最后一句进一步指出，人们倾向于认为旅游业对所有相关人员都有好处。综上所述，选项D正确。选项A在文章中未提到，故排除。文章首段提到国际旅游的迅速发展源于大众航空旅行的可及性，而不是人们生活水平的提高，故排除选项B。文章首段首句指出，地理条件优越的地方吸引人们前往旅游，选项C与此不符，故也排除。
单选题 What do we learn from some studies about uncontrolled tourism development?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词studies about uncontrolled tourism development，答案线索可以定位于文章第三段。文章第三段首句提到“不受控制的旅游业发展已成为社会混乱和环境破坏的主要驱动力”。第二句提到 “旅游业研究提供了许多关于旅游的负面社会影响和当地居民对游客的怨恨的证明文件”。显然，选项B是对这句话的同义转述，故为正确答案，选项中的antagonism(敌意)和原文中的resentment(怨恨)为同义复现。选项A、D文中没有提及，故排除。该段首句提到不受控制的旅游业发展会破坏社会和环境，而不是抑制经济发展，故排除选项C。
单选题 Why does the author say local residents of popular destinations often feel frustrated?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词local residents和feel frustrated，答案线索可以定位于文章第五段。文章第五段首句提到“在当地居民感受不到旅游业带来的好处时，他们往往会感到沮丧”。显然，选项D是对这句话的同义转述，故为正确答案，选项中的benefit属于原词复现。选项A是强干扰项，文章第三段提到，不受控制的旅游业的发展会破坏社会和环境(social and environmental disruption) ，social disruption不等于social conflicts，而且文中也没有提到当地居民因为社会混乱和环境破坏而感到沮丧。选项B、C是利用第五、六段的个别词语设置的干扰项，与原文不符，比较容易排除。
单选题 How does the author say local residents in destination communities respond to tourism activity?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词local residents和respond to tourism activity，答案线索可以定位于文章第七段。文章第七段首句指出“旅游地社区的当地居民也发现自己在协商新的文化边界、阶级动态、服务业角色和生活方式的转变”，也就是说当地居民在为适应旅游活动做出改变，同时该段第二句也提到“当地居民采纳了游客的行为”，综上所述，选项A是对该段的总结，故为正确答案。文章提到当地居民正在协商生活方式的转变，但是否乐于采用新的生活方式，文章并未明确指出，故排除选项B。选项C、D在文中没有提到，均排除。
单选题 What can tourists do to exert more positive impacts on the tourist destinations?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词tourists和exert more positive impacts，答案线索可以定位于文章最后三段。文章倒数第四段以问句的形式提出旅行者应该采取什么措施来减少社会问题，接着文章最后三段分别从两个方面阐述了旅行者应该如何做：第一，尊重当地居民、生活条件及风俗；第二，使用当地企业提供的服务，因为这些企业为当地居民提供直接的社会、环境和经济利益。选项C是对第二点的总结，故为正确答案。文章倒数第三段提到旅行者应该做到的第一点，并指出这意味着要准备好适应当地的风俗和规范，而不是仅表现出兴趣，故排除选项A。选项B、D在文章中没有提及，故均排除。