单选题
People who eat more than 160 grams of red or processed meat a day are 35 percent more likely to develop bowel cancer than those who eat less 31 20 grams a day, according to one of the biggest nutrition investigations ever carried out.
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition followed 478,040 men and women 32 35 to 70 from 10 European countries.
All subjects were free of cancer at enrollment between 1992 and 1998, but 33 an average follow-up of almost 5 years 1,329 bowel cancers had been reported.
The subsequent analysis, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, confirms the long-held suspicion 34 high intakes (纳入量) of red meat are associated with increased bowel 35 risk.
After taking into consideration factors like age, sex, height, weight, energy intake physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the investigators found that bowel cancer was 36 with intake of red and processed meat but not chicken.
Risk of bowel cancer dropped with increasing intake of fish. Eating more than 80 grams a day of fish was associated 37 a 31 percent reduction in risk compared with eating less than 10 grams a 38
Subjects with high red meat and low fish intake were at 63 percent higher risk of bowel cancer compared with subjects with low red meat and high fish 39 . In addition, the risk of developing the disease was increased for 40 people who ate a low fiber diet.
Sheila Bingham, study investigator at the UK"s Medical Research Council nutrition unit, said, "People have suspected for some time that high levels of red and processed meat 41 risk of bowel cancer, but this is one of the largest studies worldwide and the first from Europe of this type to show a 42 relationship."
Study coordinator, Elio Riboli, 43 the World Health Organization International Agency for research into cancer, said, "Other risk factors for 44 cancer include obesity (肥胖) and lack of physical activity. Smoking and excess alcohol may also play a 45 . These factors were all taken into account in the analysis."