请阅读Passage 2，完成第26-30小题。
Passage 2
Teacher education provided by U．S． colleges and universities has been routinely criticized since its inception in the early nineteenth century, sometimes deservedly． These programs, like non-university programs, are uneven in quality and can be improved． What makes today´ s criticisms
different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups, and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneursto deregulate the preparation of teachers, and to expand independent, alternative routes into teaching． This effort to "disrupt" the field of teacher preparation in the United States has gained considerable momentum and legitimacy, with venture capitalists, philanthropy, and the U.S.
Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding．
The strength of this effort is that the United States may quickly seek to dismantle its university system and replace much of it with independent, private programs． The resulting system of teacher preparation may differ dramatically in its government, structure, content, and processes moving away from its current location alongside legal, medical, and other professional preparation that pairs academic degrees with professional training．
Throughout the nation, states are reporting teacher shortages in particular subject areas and geographical locations, and several states have either passed legislation to lower the standards for becoming a teacher or, like the state of Washington, have looked toward expanding the number of teacher education providers to try to fill teaching vacancies． The federal government has contributed to the push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the Teacher Preparation Academy provision in the new K-12 education law, the Every Student Succeeds Act, which encourages states to expand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities．
Because of the increasing tuition rates, a consequence in part, of cuts in funding to public universities that continue to educate most U．S． teachers, enrollments in college and university teacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country． Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing the nation´s classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities．
Additionally, advocacy groups, philanthropists, and so-called education entrepreneurs are working aggressively to expand these independent alternative routes into teaching．
Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problem in the United States and the substantial media attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution to teacher shortages and education inequities, policy makers should very carefully examine the evidence that exists about the nature and impact of these relatively new programs that are rapidly expanding while university teacher education enrollments decline．
What can be inferred from Paragraph 1 about criticisms against teacher education?
推断题。从第一段的最后一句“What makestoday’s criticisms different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups，and self-proclaimed educational entrepreneurs to deregulate the preparation of teachers，and to expand independent，alternative routes into teaching．"可以推断出，对于如今师范教育的批判主要来自宣传组织和所谓的教育企业家，故选D。
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word"momentum" in Paragraph 2?
词义题。momentum意为“势头，动力，冲力”。根据momentum后面的句子“…with venture capitalists，philanthropy，and the U．S．Department of Education all providing sponsorship and substantial funding”可知，风险资本家、慈善事业及教育部提供的资金援助推动了美国在师资培养领域所做的努力。moment“时刻”，motive“动机”．achievement“成就，成绩”，incentive“动机，刺激”。故选D。
What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
推断题。根据第三段末尾“The resulting system of teacher preparation may differ dramatically in…moving away from its current location alongside legal，medical，and other professional preparation”可推断出，新的师范教育项目会遵照其他职业教育的惯例，D项正确。A项“美国的高等教育系统会完全瓦解”，该说法过于绝对。B项“美国高等教育系统将会被完全调整”，根据第三段第一句中“the United Statesmay quickly seek to dismantle its university system and replace much of it with independent，private programs”可知，只是大部分会被调整，而不是完全调整。C项“未来私立师范项目将不会为师范学生颁发学位证书”，文中未提及。故选D。
What measures have been taken by some states to deal with their teacher shortages?
细节题。根据第四段中的“several stateshave either passed legislation tolower the standards for becoming ateacher”可知，几个州为了应付教师短缺局面通过了降低教师标准的立法，A项“增加合格教师的数量”与原文不符。根据第五段中的“Because ofthe increasing tuition rates，a consequence in part，ofcuts in funding to public universities that contin He to educate most U．S．teachers，enrollments in college and university teacher education programs have declined in many parts of the country”可知．由于学费的增加，对高等师范教育的资金投入缩减了，B项“提高对师范教育项目的资金投入”与原文不符。根据第四段末尾“…encourages smtes to expand the number of independent programs not associated with colleges and universities．”及第五段中的“Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part of the solution in staffing the nation’s classrooms”可知．一些州发展私立师范教育项目，C项“发展非高等师范教育项目”正确。D项“为师范教育项目设立底线”．文中未提及。故选C。
Which of the following is true of the independent teacher education programs?
细节题。根据最后一段中的“Given the seriousness of the teacher shortage problemin the United States and the substantial media attention that has been given to independent teacher education programs as the solution to teacher shortages and education inequities”可知。由于美国教师短缺的严重问题，还有大量媒体对于私立师范教育的关注．私立师范教育被认为是解决师资短缺和教育不公的方法。故选A。