【答案解析】Facilitated by a network of waterways, overseas trade in Qingpu area has thrived since ancient times. [解析] 两个分句分别陈述了青浦的地理位置和贸易传统，可发现两句之间有一定的因果关系。青浦地区的地理优势正是其商业繁盛的原因之一，译文可用从句或非限定性动词短语将这种关系表达出来，以显性形式体现原文的逻辑。为确切表达这种因果关系及原文中暗含的意思(青浦的江河提供便利的交通促进了商业的发展)，翻译时可添加facilitate一词，并使用该词被动形式facilitated by...表达出这种因果关系。“江河纵横”为主谓结构短语，“纵横”是指纵横交错，横一条，竖一条，像蜘蛛网一样。通过将动词“纵横”转换到名词network的处理，将主谓结构的短语翻译成偏正结构的the network of waterways可谓恰到好处。如：
采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.
根据一项调查，在美国，越是低龄的年轻人便越容易离婚。A survey revealed that the younger people are more divorce-prone in the US.
反之，英译汉时，经常要将英语中的名词译作汉语的动词。
I hope my presence here tonight is further proof of the importance we in Britain attach to relations with your great country.我希望，今晚我到这里来可以进一步 证明 ，我们英国人非常重视和你们伟大国家的关系。
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到 我们的喷气式飞机， 听见 隆隆的轰鸣声，我不由特别神往。

【答案解析】Mao Tower, the lighthouse built in the Tang Dynasty to guide ships, witnessed the growing prosperity of Zhujiajiao. [解析] 修饰“泖塔”的定语有“建于唐代的”和“作为舟船航行之航标的”。这两个定语都有些复杂。翻译时可使用定语从句或非谓语动词作后置定语的结构。“航标”又有“作为舟船航行的”的修饰成分，采用动词不定式作定语，将原文译成the lighthouse to guide ships。“泖塔”和“航标”是指同一事物，可使用同位语结构。“见证”从语法结构来看是名词，英文witness既是名词也是动词，译文将名词转化为动词，译作witnessed the growing prosperity of Zhujiajiao，运用了拟人手法描绘“泖塔”。
2004年，世界经济实现了近30年来最快的增长，亚太地区经济增长也创造了2000年以来的最高水平，中国经济增长9.4%。2004 witnessed an economic increase by 9.4% in China, against the backdrop of the fastest growth in the world economy in nearly three decades and a peak economic expansion in the Asia-Pacific region since 2000.
21世纪初，苹果公司处境格外艰难，因为它追求电脑体积最小化、外观更诱人的新尝试以彻底失败而告终。The dawn of the 21st century saw Apple in an especially rocky situation, for its new experiment on computers with minimized size and increased visual attraction turned out to be a complete failure.

【答案解析】After Shanghai was established as a county-level administration, Zhujiajiao took advantage of Shanghai"s development to flourish into a market town thronged with merchants from all parts of the country among a thousand/hundreds of/many households of residents. [解析] 不少考生会把“自上海建县后”直译为Since Shanghai county was established。只有更多地了解上海发展的历史，才能贴切翻译原文。上海县立县于1292年(元至元二十九年)：1927年(民国16年)，鉴于上海在全国的地位，国民政府计划撤上海县建上海特别市。因撤县遭到反对，终于次年县、市划界，上海县仅剩闵行等西南八乡，从而也确立了上海县的规模和地位。如今上海县已不复存在，很多地方已成为上海市区的一部分。原文讲的是朱家角的历史发展和演变，纵观全文，“上海建县”指的应该是上海本身成为县，故译作After Shanghai was established as a county-level administration更符合原文的意思。
“因利乘便，蔚然兴盛”意为：因为有这样的便利并加以利用而获得发展和兴盛。四字格在文中出现在谓语位置，可译为：Zhujiajiao took advantage of Shanghai"s development to flourish into a market town.
“商贾云集、烟火千家”意为：成为商人贸易的聚集地和成千上万户人家的居住地。在文中出现在定语的位置，可译为：a market town thronged with merchants from all parts of the country among a thousand households of residents. 原文的“云”和“烟火”分别形象地表现出商人数量之多和古代“民以食为天”的生活景象，译文很难做到完全对应，可采用意译thronged with merchants和a thousand households of residents体现原文意境。
四字格翻译的难点是：理解、原句的融合以及词语的选择。汉语四字格是集音、形、意、美为一体的特殊表现形式。译成英文时要做到形义兼顾、形义两不误绝非易事。译者应在准确、完整地传递“义”的前提下，考虑译文在“形”上与四字格的呼应。以下例子说明了翻译四字格的方法之一——避形就义。如：
前车之鉴 take warnings from examples 水乳交融 perfect harmony
卧薪尝胆 endure present hardships to revive 画饼充饥 feed on fancies
痛定思痛 recall a painful experience 如饥似渴 with great eagerness
用武之地 have ample scope for one"s ability 危在旦夕 on the verge of destruction.
不管前面是地雷阵还是 万丈深渊 ，我都将 鞠躬尽瘁 ， 死而后已 。Whatever lies ahead, be it a field of landmines or an un fathomable abyss, I would exert all my efforts and contribute all my best to the country till the last minute of my life.

【答案解析】As it grew in prosperity with each passing day, its historical and cultural heritage became richer and richer. [解析] “历史文化蕴含也日渐浓厚”中的“浓厚”一词与英语的dense and thick在字面上对等，但在语义上是否对等要看具体的语境。历史文化蕴含的浓厚实际指的是“文化的丰富”，用rich一词方可与文化搭配，译成historical and cultural heritage became richer and richer。又如，浓茶、浓墨、浓烟都有一个“浓”字，但译成英语时，不同英语词汇与汉语“浓”对应，组成不同的词汇搭配，即strong tea，thick/dark ink和dense smoke。原文中的“日胜一日”和“白渐浓厚”意思接近，考生往往会使用比较熟悉的more and more...结构，译成more and more prosperous和richer and richer，如作一些调整，译作grew in prosperity with each passing day就不显得过于单调了。同样，原文6中“伴随着经济的步步繁荣，文化也渐趋多姿多彩”，译文没有用more and more加形容词的结构，而是用了increasingly prosperous和presented a colorful picture都是为了避免相同结构的重复出现。
本篇翻译材料出现多处表示“繁荣”意义的词句，可根据搭配需要采用prosperous，prosper，thrive，flourish，boom等增加译文的可读性。下面对表示“繁荣”意义的词汇和句子的英译处理作一比较。
青浦地区江河纵横，海上贸易自古繁盛。Facilitated by a network of waterways, overseas trade in Qingpu area has thrived since ancient times.(动词)
建于唐代作为舟船航行之航标的泖塔，是朱家角日趋繁荣的见证。Mao Tower, the lighthouse built in the Tang Dynasty to guide ships, witnessed the growing prosperity of Zhujiajiao.(名词)
自上海建县后，朱家角即因利乘便，蔚然兴盛。After Shanghai was established as a county-level administration, Zhujiajiao took advantage of Shanghai"s development to flourish into a market town...(动词不定式)
朱家角之繁华日胜一日，历史文化蕴含也日渐浓厚。As it grew in prosperity with each passing day, its historical and cultural heritage became richer and richer.(动词短语)
伴随着经济的步步繁荣，文化也渐趋多姿多彩。As the economy of Zhujiajiao became increasingly prosperous , its cultural activities presented a colorful picture.(形容词)

【答案解析】At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Zhujiajiao was already a trading center for cotton cloth. With an upsurge of the rice trade afterwards, Zhujiajiao earned the reputation as a supplier of cloth for the whole country and grain and oil for the region south of the Yangtze River. [解析] 难点在后一句，to surge up表示“快速、突然的上升”，在这里使用其名词形式upsurge可形象表达出米业迅速发展，即“兴起”之意。带文言色彩的“遂”字相当于现代汉语“于是”之意，也就是说随着前者“米业兴起”而有了后者“衣被天下，粮油江南”之美誉。用with引导的介词短语恰如其分地将“遂”的意思表达出来。“有了……的美誉”多数考生会直译为had/got the reputation of，但用earn一词是不错的选择。如：She earned a reputation as a hard worker.勤劳的工作使她享有声誉。
谚语“衣被天下，粮油江南”具文言色彩，大体意思可以理解，但对部分考生而言要给出准确表达和翻译有一定难度。这里的“衣被”和“粮油”均作动词用，意为“提供衣被和粮油”，在文中作“美誉”的定语，也是美誉的具体内容。

【答案解析】As the economy of Zhujiajiao became increasingly prosperous, its cultural activities presented a colorful picture. Zhujiajiao has always been a land of beautiful scenery/clear waters and magnificent buildings where scholars and intellectuals came forth in large numbers. [解析] “历来”可译作all through the ages或always，本文采用现在完成时，译为has always been。英语中多用现在完成进行时表达“一直”、“不断”、“历来”等。
“水木清华，文儒辈出”是两个关系紧密的四字词。“水木清华”指的是：池水清澈，花木秀艳，形容园林景色清幽美丽；可译为a land of beautiful scenery或a land of clear waters and magnificent buildings。“文儒辈出”指的是在这片土地上涌现了众多的文人雅士，译文可直接用where引导定语从句，将前后两个四字格间的逻辑关系表达出来。
因利乘便，蔚然兴盛：took advantage of Shanghai"s development to flourish into a market town。
商贾云集，烟火千家：a market town thronged with merchants from all parts of the country among thousand households of residents

【答案解析】Now, what is gone is gone forever, but Mao Tower still stands there as a witness to its glorious past. With the change of the times, Zhujiajiao has now developed into a prominent hub of economic and cultural activities. [解析] “历史已逝”若译成history has passed不符合英文的搭配，我们只能说某一历史事件或阶段过去或结束了，如：
A period of English cricket history has come to an end, and a new period has started. One of the shortest reigns in Scottish political history has come to an abrupt end.
可避“形”就“义”，将原文译作what is gone is gone forever。
“泖塔犹存”若只翻成Mao Tower still stands there并没有将原文隐含的意思表达出来，添加as a witness to its glorious past后意思明了清晰。同时增加连接词but将原文的两个四字词间的逻辑关系清晰体现。原文提及两个“中心”：“朱家角已成为棉布交易中心”和“朱家角逐渐发展成为雄据一方的经济、文化中心”，为避免重复，译文使用center和hub两个词语表达；此外“枢纽”也可用这些词表达。