单选题 {{B}}Passage Five{{/B}}
As students return to school this fall, parents will again worry about new illnesses as kids come into contact with flu germs. There are other risks they should worry about—illnesses caused by the common bugs and rodents found in school buildings. Perhaps the even more dangerous pests however are those individuals who prevent school administrators from swiftly addressing these problems.
Anti-chemical activists have pushed, and nearly 20 states and local governments have passed, 1 aws to eliminate or drastically reduce the use of pesticides in schools. Yet pesticides are used to control roaches, mice, rats, mosquitoes, and other pests. The public health implications of allowing these things to get out of control should be obvious: increased allergies and illnesses related to insect and rodent bites.
Some states have passed a seemingly more reasonable policy that demands that school administrators provide notification 48 to 72 hours before using pesticides. But such laws allow problems to escalate during wailing periods when an urgent response is warranted. Notification paperwork burdens also consume limited financial resources. Journalist Steve Milloy reported that the notification law of Maryland costs the state's schools $32.000 annually.
Parents should fear these laws and the pests they harbor more than the pesticides. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pesticide standards are so exceedingly cautious that the risks are tiny when the product is used according to label directions. An analysis done by the University of Texas found that the EPA's risk estimates overstate pesticide exposure damage at a level hundreds of thousands of times greater than the risk of actual exposure.
Meanwhile, many of the pests in schools pose serious risks. Allergies and asthma are a particular concern. According to one study published in Environmental Health Perspectives: "Allergens associated with dust mites and cockroaches are probably important in both onset and worsening of asthma symptoms for children who are chronically exposed to these agents."
Cockroach allergies are particularly problematic. Children who suffered from this type of allergy missed more days of school and lost more sleep than children suffering from other allergies.
Prudent use of chemicals—not reduced pesticide use—can be a big part of the solution. A study in the Journal of Allergies and Clinical Immunology showed that use of chemical baits and regular cleaning can reduce indoor cockroach allergens to levels below that which causes allergies.
If people are truly concerned about public health in schools, it's time to start looking at priorities. Rather than liberate the pests, they should liberate the schools from silly government regulations and dangerous vermin.
单选题 The author implies that parents should be most concerned about ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】推理题。第2句开始就出现了作者的声音:最危险的当然也是最应当关注的。这些人就是下一段第1句话里所提到的anti-chemical activists。这道题与其说是推理题,还不如说是指代题,因为这道题考查的是这些最危险的害虫到底指代的是什么。英语忌讳重复的语言,对于同一种事物在上下文当中可能使用不同的表达方式,这一点考生应注意。
单选题 The author would most probably agree that restricting the use of pesticides in schools ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】观点态度题。考查的是作者对限制在学校使用杀虫剂的观点态度,题眼很明确。作者对于这个法律的态度是否定的。
单选题 The third paragraph shows that in schools ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】细节题。第2段中的第2句话说,“但是,一旦出现需要采取紧急措施的情况,这样的法律使问题在等待的时间段内变得更加严重。”故应选A“有时应该立刻使用杀虫剂”。
单选题 Regarding pesticides, the author thinks that ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】细节题。我们已经知道作者对于杀虫剂的态度并不是完全排斥,而且在第4段的一开头,作者说:“EPA(环保署)杀虫剂的安全标准相当谨慎,只要按照产品说明书使用就几乎没有什么风险。得克萨斯大学所做的一项分析表明,EPA对杀虫剂使用危害的估计远远超出实际危害的几十万倍。”故应选A。
单选题 Allergens associated with cockroaches may ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】细节题。第5段第2句话说,根据发表在《环境健康视角》上的一篇研究文章所说,“由尘螨和蟑螂引起的过敏极有可能是导致长期暴露在这些过敏源中的孩子们哮喘症状发生和恶化的重要原因。”因此,选项A、B、D均不符合题意,C为正确答案。
单选题 As a result of cockroach allergies, children may have difficulty with ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】细节题。第6段说,蟑螂引起的过敏尤其麻烦。过敏的孩子往往比因为其他原因过敏的孩子要缺更多课,觉也睡得少些。很明显,选项D为标准答案。
单选题 What is the main idea of the passage?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】主旨题。本文第1段提出害虫的问题,第2段是关于杀虫剂的使用有关方面制定的法律。接着就是这些法律带来的负面影响,尤其是对于学校孩子们健康的不良影响。大部分的篇幅都是用来讨论关于使用杀虫剂的法律所造成的不良后果。选项A无中生有;选项B太绝对,作者只是说在有必要时就应果断迅速地使用杀虫剂;选项D太片面。